ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT AND
DIAGNOSTIC REASONING 2026 FINAL REVIEW
EXAM
◉ Objective data. Answer: What your seeing, observing, or
examining
◉ The chief compliant should use the ____. Answer: Patient's own
words
◉ History of present illness nomics. Answer: -OLDCARTS (onset,
location, duration, characteristics, aggravating/alleviating, radiation,
timing, severity)
-OPQRST (onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, timing)
◉ Concerning health history findings. Answer: -Changes in weight
-Fatigue or weakness
-Fever, chills, and night sweats
◉ Concerning health history findings: changes in weight. Answer: -
Rapid or gradual - rapid changes over a few days suggest changes in
fluid, not tissue
-Weight gain: nutrition vs. medical causes
,-Weight loss: medical vs. psychosocial causes
◉ Concerning health history findings: fatigue and weakness.
Answer: Medical vs. psychosocial
◉ Fatigue. Answer: A sense of weariness or loss of energy
◉ Weakness. Answer: A demonstrable loss of muscle muscle power
◉ Concerning health history findings: fever, chills, and night sweats.
Answer: -Ask about exposure to illness or any recent travel
-Some medications may cause elevated temperature
◉ What are the types of pain?. Answer: -Nociceptive (somatic)
-Neuropathic
-Idiopathic
-Psychogenic
-Chronic
◉ Nociceptive (somatic). Answer: -Damage to tissue or viscera but
sensory nerves intact
-Described as dull, pressing, pulling, throbbing, boring, spasmodic,
or colicky
,◉ Neuropathic. Answer: -Direct trauma to the peripheral or central
nervous system
-Described as shock like, stabbing, burning, pins and needles
◉ Idiopathic. Answer: No identifiable etiology
◉ Psychogenic. Answer: Related to factors that influence the
patient's report of pain (psychiatric conditions, personality and
coping style, cultural norms, social support systems)
◉ ChronicN. Answer: -Not due to cancer or illness lasting > 3-6
months
-Lasting > 1 month beyond the course of an illness
-Recurring at intervals over months or years
◉ All notes should start with the following documentation:. Answer:
-Date of encounter
-Patient name (age is also important)
-Informant and reliability
◉ SOAP format. Answer: -Subjective
-Objective
, -Assessment
-Plan
◉ BMI. Answer: -Weight (lbs) x 700/height (inches)
-Weight (kgs)/height (m^2)
◉ BMI: underweight. Answer: < 18.5
◉ BMI: normal. Answer: 18.5 - 24.9
◉ BMI: overweight. Answer: 25-29.9
◉ BMI: obesity. Answer: -I: 30 - 34.9
-II: 35 - 39.9
◉ BMI: extreme obesity. Answer: III: > (or equal to) 40
◉ Orthostasis. Answer: Systolic BP drops >20 mm Hg or diastolic BP
drops >10 mm Hg
◉ Heart rate and rhythm. Answer: -Count 30 seconds (if rate is 50-
90 and rhythm regular)
DIAGNOSTIC REASONING 2026 FINAL REVIEW
EXAM
◉ Objective data. Answer: What your seeing, observing, or
examining
◉ The chief compliant should use the ____. Answer: Patient's own
words
◉ History of present illness nomics. Answer: -OLDCARTS (onset,
location, duration, characteristics, aggravating/alleviating, radiation,
timing, severity)
-OPQRST (onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, timing)
◉ Concerning health history findings. Answer: -Changes in weight
-Fatigue or weakness
-Fever, chills, and night sweats
◉ Concerning health history findings: changes in weight. Answer: -
Rapid or gradual - rapid changes over a few days suggest changes in
fluid, not tissue
-Weight gain: nutrition vs. medical causes
,-Weight loss: medical vs. psychosocial causes
◉ Concerning health history findings: fatigue and weakness.
Answer: Medical vs. psychosocial
◉ Fatigue. Answer: A sense of weariness or loss of energy
◉ Weakness. Answer: A demonstrable loss of muscle muscle power
◉ Concerning health history findings: fever, chills, and night sweats.
Answer: -Ask about exposure to illness or any recent travel
-Some medications may cause elevated temperature
◉ What are the types of pain?. Answer: -Nociceptive (somatic)
-Neuropathic
-Idiopathic
-Psychogenic
-Chronic
◉ Nociceptive (somatic). Answer: -Damage to tissue or viscera but
sensory nerves intact
-Described as dull, pressing, pulling, throbbing, boring, spasmodic,
or colicky
,◉ Neuropathic. Answer: -Direct trauma to the peripheral or central
nervous system
-Described as shock like, stabbing, burning, pins and needles
◉ Idiopathic. Answer: No identifiable etiology
◉ Psychogenic. Answer: Related to factors that influence the
patient's report of pain (psychiatric conditions, personality and
coping style, cultural norms, social support systems)
◉ ChronicN. Answer: -Not due to cancer or illness lasting > 3-6
months
-Lasting > 1 month beyond the course of an illness
-Recurring at intervals over months or years
◉ All notes should start with the following documentation:. Answer:
-Date of encounter
-Patient name (age is also important)
-Informant and reliability
◉ SOAP format. Answer: -Subjective
-Objective
, -Assessment
-Plan
◉ BMI. Answer: -Weight (lbs) x 700/height (inches)
-Weight (kgs)/height (m^2)
◉ BMI: underweight. Answer: < 18.5
◉ BMI: normal. Answer: 18.5 - 24.9
◉ BMI: overweight. Answer: 25-29.9
◉ BMI: obesity. Answer: -I: 30 - 34.9
-II: 35 - 39.9
◉ BMI: extreme obesity. Answer: III: > (or equal to) 40
◉ Orthostasis. Answer: Systolic BP drops >20 mm Hg or diastolic BP
drops >10 mm Hg
◉ Heart rate and rhythm. Answer: -Count 30 seconds (if rate is 50-
90 and rhythm regular)
