NR 293 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Drug - Answers Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - Answers The study or science of drugs
Chemical Name - Answers Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure
(not usually used in nursing)
Generic Name - Answers Name given by the United States Adopted Names council. The
universal name, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Trade Name - Answers AKA proprietary name. The drug has a registered trademark, use of the
name is restricted by the drug's patent owner. Ex is Motrin and Advil, they are both ibuprofen
Pharmaceutics - Answers The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the
drug affects the body.
Oral, rectal, transdermal, etc.
Pharmacodynamics - Answers The study of what the drug does to the body. The mechanism of
drug actions in living tissues and drug-receptor relationships
Pharmacotherapeutics - Answers The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat disease. Defines
principles of drug actions- the cellular processes that change in response to the presence of
drug molecules. Drugs are organized into pharmacologic classes, like antihypertensives.
Ex: elderly taking baby aspirin to prevent strokes
Pharmacognosy - Answers The study of natural drug sources, like plants, animals and minerals.
Pharmaceutic Properties - Answers Different drug dosage forms have different properties.
Dosage form determines the rate of drug dissolution. Enteric-coated tablets protect patients
from stomach irritation.
Fastest Route of Oral Drug Absorption - Answers 1. Oral disintegration, buccal tabs, and oral
soluble wafers
2. Liquids, elixirs, and syrups
3. Suspension solutions
4. Powders
5. Capsules
6. Tablets
, 7. Coated tablets
8. Enteric-coated tabletes
Pharmacokinetics - Answers The study of what the body does to the drug. A drug's time to
onset of action, time to peak effect, and duration of action.
-Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answers Movement of a drug from its site of administration
into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues.
Bioavailability - Answers A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route.
Giving a med through the IV, you will have 100% of the med in the bloodstream, none is lost.
First-Pass Effect - Answers The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI
tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation. If you give a PO med, the GI system digests,
liver transforms, and then it reaches the bloodstream. Not 100% of the med reaches the
bloodstream, you lose some as it travels.
Enteral Route of Drug Administration - Answers The drug is absorbed into the systemic
circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine. Types of enteral are oral,
sublingual, buccal, and rectal.
Parenteral Route of Drug Administration - Answers Though an IV, IM, subcutaneous, intradermal,
intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraarticular
Topical Route of Drug Administration - Answers Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answers The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site
of action. Protein-binding, water-soluble vs fat-soluble, blood-brain barrier.
Protein-Binding Drugs - Answers After you take the medication, it is in the blood attached to
protein, mainly albumin. When the drug binds to albumin, it works as a slow release, only the
free unbound drug is therapeutic. The bound drug is essentially inactive. Type of drugs that are
protein-binding are blood thinners. If a patient is deficient in albumin, there is a problem of too
much free-drug.
Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism/Biotransformation - Answers The biochemical alteration of a
drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or
a less active metabolite. Transformed mainly in the liver, but also skeletal muscle, kidneys,
lungs, plasma, intestinal mucosa.
Factors the Decrease Metabolism - Answers Cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency,
starvation, obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, and ketoconazole therapy
Factors the Increase Metabolism - Answers Fast acetylator, barbiturate therapy, rifampin
Drug - Answers Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - Answers The study or science of drugs
Chemical Name - Answers Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure
(not usually used in nursing)
Generic Name - Answers Name given by the United States Adopted Names council. The
universal name, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Trade Name - Answers AKA proprietary name. The drug has a registered trademark, use of the
name is restricted by the drug's patent owner. Ex is Motrin and Advil, they are both ibuprofen
Pharmaceutics - Answers The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the
drug affects the body.
Oral, rectal, transdermal, etc.
Pharmacodynamics - Answers The study of what the drug does to the body. The mechanism of
drug actions in living tissues and drug-receptor relationships
Pharmacotherapeutics - Answers The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat disease. Defines
principles of drug actions- the cellular processes that change in response to the presence of
drug molecules. Drugs are organized into pharmacologic classes, like antihypertensives.
Ex: elderly taking baby aspirin to prevent strokes
Pharmacognosy - Answers The study of natural drug sources, like plants, animals and minerals.
Pharmaceutic Properties - Answers Different drug dosage forms have different properties.
Dosage form determines the rate of drug dissolution. Enteric-coated tablets protect patients
from stomach irritation.
Fastest Route of Oral Drug Absorption - Answers 1. Oral disintegration, buccal tabs, and oral
soluble wafers
2. Liquids, elixirs, and syrups
3. Suspension solutions
4. Powders
5. Capsules
6. Tablets
, 7. Coated tablets
8. Enteric-coated tabletes
Pharmacokinetics - Answers The study of what the body does to the drug. A drug's time to
onset of action, time to peak effect, and duration of action.
-Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answers Movement of a drug from its site of administration
into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues.
Bioavailability - Answers A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route.
Giving a med through the IV, you will have 100% of the med in the bloodstream, none is lost.
First-Pass Effect - Answers The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI
tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation. If you give a PO med, the GI system digests,
liver transforms, and then it reaches the bloodstream. Not 100% of the med reaches the
bloodstream, you lose some as it travels.
Enteral Route of Drug Administration - Answers The drug is absorbed into the systemic
circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine. Types of enteral are oral,
sublingual, buccal, and rectal.
Parenteral Route of Drug Administration - Answers Though an IV, IM, subcutaneous, intradermal,
intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraarticular
Topical Route of Drug Administration - Answers Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answers The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site
of action. Protein-binding, water-soluble vs fat-soluble, blood-brain barrier.
Protein-Binding Drugs - Answers After you take the medication, it is in the blood attached to
protein, mainly albumin. When the drug binds to albumin, it works as a slow release, only the
free unbound drug is therapeutic. The bound drug is essentially inactive. Type of drugs that are
protein-binding are blood thinners. If a patient is deficient in albumin, there is a problem of too
much free-drug.
Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism/Biotransformation - Answers The biochemical alteration of a
drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or
a less active metabolite. Transformed mainly in the liver, but also skeletal muscle, kidneys,
lungs, plasma, intestinal mucosa.
Factors the Decrease Metabolism - Answers Cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency,
starvation, obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, and ketoconazole therapy
Factors the Increase Metabolism - Answers Fast acetylator, barbiturate therapy, rifampin
