ENTO 3003 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
| LATEST 2026 UPDATE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is a fomite? - Answer- •Contaminated inanimate object
•Carries pathogens
•Brushes, needles, clothing, bedding
What is natural nidality? - Answer- •Russian researchers working on tick-borne diseases
•
•Basically the assumption that diseases are only found in the landscape when all factors
(host, vector, pathogen) are viable
•
•Nidus= nest
What is the definition of IPM? - Answer- •Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a
"Whole-Concept" approach to pest management and incorporates several different
control strategies to suppress the pest.
What is an economic threshold? - Answer- is the number of insects that calls for
corrective action.
What is an economic injury level? - Answer- the number of insects that would cause
damage equal to cost of dealing with those numbers, i.e. break-even level.
What do ET and EIL look like on a graph? - Answer- They are parallel
What are some components that are needed for estimating pest populations? - Answer-
1.Insect stage 2
1. Sample
2.sample location
3.number of samples to take
4.when to sample
5.spatial pattern of sampling
What are the 3 categories of livestock production systems? - Answer- 1.Grazing
(rangeland or improved pasture)
2.Outdoor confined
3.Indoor confined
On-Host vs. Off-Host Sampling? - Answer- Direct contact ve Trapping/ Removal of habit
, Direct vs. Indirect enumeration? - Answer- Direct •The basic technique for sampling
cattle grub larvae is to palpate the animal's backs in winter when animals are accessible
to drylots. Indirect •The presence of pests on a farm or within a geographic or political
area can reduce productivity if the pest vectors disease or is itself classified as a
disease.
What are the four different control options found in IPM? - Answer- 1.Cultural
2.Physical
3.Biological
Chemical
What are the different formulations and treatment methods? - Answer- •Sprays
Concentrates
•Sprays and Wipes
•Pour-Ons and Spot-Ons
•Insecticide Ear Tags
•Dusts
•Self-treatment Devices
Sprays Concentrates - Answer- •Objective is to wet the animal thoroughly
•Complete coverage of the animal's body
•Provide very good initial control
•Residual effectiveness is short-lived
•Producer has to corral animals
Purchase of spray equipment
Sprays and Wipes - Answer- •Often come ready-to-use as in pump-spray bottle
•The ingredients may be misted on or applied with a sponge, cloth, or glove wipe
•Pour-Ons and Spot-Ons - Answer- •Small amount of insecticide can be applied down
the backline
•Most are formulated as Ready-to-Use products
•Some are systemic (absorbs through the skin to the blood stream, Irvonmec)
•Allow for exact dosage to be applied to each animal
•Easy application
•Need a squeeze chute
Insecticide Ear Tags - Answer- •Ear tags can be impregnated with insecticide
concentrate that is slowly released over an extended period
•The ear tag is a controlled released applicator, but the amount of insecticide released
decreases over time
Dusts - Answer- •Ready-to-use formulations
•Combine a low concentration of active insecticide with a dust diluent
•Dusts are not formulated for mixing with water
| LATEST 2026 UPDATE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is a fomite? - Answer- •Contaminated inanimate object
•Carries pathogens
•Brushes, needles, clothing, bedding
What is natural nidality? - Answer- •Russian researchers working on tick-borne diseases
•
•Basically the assumption that diseases are only found in the landscape when all factors
(host, vector, pathogen) are viable
•
•Nidus= nest
What is the definition of IPM? - Answer- •Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a
"Whole-Concept" approach to pest management and incorporates several different
control strategies to suppress the pest.
What is an economic threshold? - Answer- is the number of insects that calls for
corrective action.
What is an economic injury level? - Answer- the number of insects that would cause
damage equal to cost of dealing with those numbers, i.e. break-even level.
What do ET and EIL look like on a graph? - Answer- They are parallel
What are some components that are needed for estimating pest populations? - Answer-
1.Insect stage 2
1. Sample
2.sample location
3.number of samples to take
4.when to sample
5.spatial pattern of sampling
What are the 3 categories of livestock production systems? - Answer- 1.Grazing
(rangeland or improved pasture)
2.Outdoor confined
3.Indoor confined
On-Host vs. Off-Host Sampling? - Answer- Direct contact ve Trapping/ Removal of habit
, Direct vs. Indirect enumeration? - Answer- Direct •The basic technique for sampling
cattle grub larvae is to palpate the animal's backs in winter when animals are accessible
to drylots. Indirect •The presence of pests on a farm or within a geographic or political
area can reduce productivity if the pest vectors disease or is itself classified as a
disease.
What are the four different control options found in IPM? - Answer- 1.Cultural
2.Physical
3.Biological
Chemical
What are the different formulations and treatment methods? - Answer- •Sprays
Concentrates
•Sprays and Wipes
•Pour-Ons and Spot-Ons
•Insecticide Ear Tags
•Dusts
•Self-treatment Devices
Sprays Concentrates - Answer- •Objective is to wet the animal thoroughly
•Complete coverage of the animal's body
•Provide very good initial control
•Residual effectiveness is short-lived
•Producer has to corral animals
Purchase of spray equipment
Sprays and Wipes - Answer- •Often come ready-to-use as in pump-spray bottle
•The ingredients may be misted on or applied with a sponge, cloth, or glove wipe
•Pour-Ons and Spot-Ons - Answer- •Small amount of insecticide can be applied down
the backline
•Most are formulated as Ready-to-Use products
•Some are systemic (absorbs through the skin to the blood stream, Irvonmec)
•Allow for exact dosage to be applied to each animal
•Easy application
•Need a squeeze chute
Insecticide Ear Tags - Answer- •Ear tags can be impregnated with insecticide
concentrate that is slowly released over an extended period
•The ear tag is a controlled released applicator, but the amount of insecticide released
decreases over time
Dusts - Answer- •Ready-to-use formulations
•Combine a low concentration of active insecticide with a dust diluent
•Dusts are not formulated for mixing with water
