Mount Wachusett Community College BIO 204: Blood Exam bank | Complete Answered Study guide_ Latest Fall 2025/26.

Mount Wachusett Community College BIO 204: Blood Exam bank | Complete Answered Study guide_ Latest Fall 2025/26. Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A 1 Blood Study Guide ____ 1. Which of the following statements accurately defines erythrocyte? A) A type of leukocyte that contains cytoplasmic granules that are visible with staining B) Interstitial fluid collected into the lymphatic system C) An anucleate blood cell filled with hemoglobin that transports oxygen through the body D) Granulocyte whose granules interact strongly with the red dye eosin; less numerous than neutrophils ____ 2. Which of the following statements accurately defines leukocyte? A) A type of blood cell that plays various roles in the immune system B) Granulocyte whose granules interact strongly with the dark purple stain hematoxylin; least numerous of the leukocytes C) A type of leukocyte that contains cytoplasmic granules that are visible with staining D) Protein secreted by B lymphocytes; each antibody type binds to a specific antigen ____ 3. Which of the following statements accurately defines granulocyte? A) Granulocyte whose granules interact strongly with the red dye eosin; less numerous than neutrophils B) Thin-walled structures that carry lymph from the small lymphatic capillaries to the larger lymph trunks C) Unencapsulated clusters of lymphatic tissue found throughout the body's mucous membranes D) A type of leukocyte that contains cytoplasmic granules that are visible with staining ____ 4. Which of the following statements accurately defines neutrophil? A) A type of granulocyte B) Light violet-colored cytosol with granules that do not take up either the acidic or basic stain C) Heavily involved in the phagocytosis of bacteria D) All of the above. ____ 5. Which of the following statements accurately defines eosinophil? A) Leukocyte with bilobed nuclei and red-stained granules; involved in allergy responses and fighting parasitic infections B) Granulocyte with bilobed nuclei and red-stained granules; these cells are involved in allergy responses and fighting parasitic infections C) Leukocyte lacking cytoplasmic granules D) Granulocyte lacking cytoplasmic granulesName: ________________________ ID: A 2 ____ 6. Which of the following statements accurately defines basophil? A) A type of granulocyte whose granules interact strongly with the red dye eosin; less numerous than neutrophils B) A type of granulocyte with bilobed nuclei and dark purple-stained granules; these cells are involved in mediating inflammation C) A type of granulocyte whose granules do not interact strongly with the dyes eosin or hematoxylin; most numerous type of leukocyte D) Agranulocyte that is the largest of the leukocytes; features a “u”-shaped nucleus and is third most numerous type of leukocyte ____ 7. Which of the following statements accurately defines agranulocyte? A) Organ of the lymphatic system where T lymphocytes mature B) Leukocyte containing cytoplasmic granules C) Leukocyte lacking visible cytoplasmic granules D) Small cellular fragments involved in blood clotting ____ 8. Which of the following statements accurately defines T lymphocyte? A) A type of granulocyte with bilobed nuclei and red-stained granules that are involved in allergy responses and fighting parasitic infections B) A type of agranulocyte with horseshoe-shaped nuclei that mature into macrophages, which are very active phagocytes. C) A type of agranulocyte that facilitates other functions of the immune response, kills cancer cells, and kills infected host cells. D) A type of agranulocyte that secretes antibodies when activated ____ 9. Which of the following statements accurately defines B lymphocyte? A) A type of granulocyte with bilobed nuclei and red-stained granules that are involved in allergy responses and fighting parasitic infections B) A type of agranulocyte with horseshoe-shaped nuclei that mature into macrophages, which are very active phagocytes. C) A type of agranulocyte that facilitates other functions of the immune response, kills cancer cells, and kills infected host cells. D) A type of agranulocyte that secretes antibodies when activated ____ 10. Which of the following statements accurately defines monocyte? A) A type of agranulocyte with horseshoe-shaped nuclei that mature into macrophages, which are very active phagocytes. B) A solution containing antibodies that bind with specific antigens C) A type of leukocyte that contains cytoplasmic granules that are visible with staining D) An anucleate blood cell filled with hemoglobin that transports oxygen through the bodyName: ________________________ ID: A 3 ____ 11. Which of the following statements accurately defines platelets? A) Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue found at the base of the tongue, in the nasopharynx, and the oropharynx B) Protein secreted by B lymphocytes; each antibody type binds to a specific antigen C) Small cellular fragments involved in blood clotting D) Features a "u"-shaped nucleus and is third most numerous type of leukocyte ____ 12. Which of the following statements accurately defines antigen? A) The component of the immune response that reacts in the same manner to any invading organism or cellular injury B) Unique glycoprotein on the surface of all cells and present on most biological molecules C) The component of the immune system that reacts to foreign cells and molecules with a unique set of cells and molecules for each antigen D) Molecules secreted by plasma cells to bind to antigens and facilitate their destruction or neutralization ____ 13. Which of the following statements accurately defines antiserum? A) Leukocyte lacking cytoplasmic granules B) A solution containing antibodies that bind with specific antigens C) The component of the immune system that reacts to foreign cells and molecules with a unique set of cells and molecules for each antigen D) Granulocyte whose granules interact strongly with the red dye eosin; less numerous than neutrophils ____ 14. Which of the following statements accurately defines antibody? A) Protein secreted by B lymphocytes; each antibody type binds to a specific antigen B) Unique chemical markers on the surface of all cells and many molecules such as toxins and allergens C) Encapsulated lymphoid organs found along the lymphatic vessels that filter lymph and remove pathogens, toxins, and cells D) Granulocyte whose granules interact strongly with the red dye eosin; less numerous than neutrophils ____ 15. Which of the following statements accurately defines universal donor? A) AB+ blood has erythrocytes with A, B, and Rh antigens and so lacks anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies B) A person with type AB+ blood can accept all blood types without triggering an immune response C) Protein secreted by B lymphocytes D) Type O- blood, which does not have A, B, or Rh antigens on the surface of its cells, so it can be accepted by a person of almost any blood type without triggering an immune responseName: ________________________ ID: A 4 ____ 16. Which of the following statements accurately defines universal recipient? A) O- blood does not have A, B, or Rh antigens on the surface of its cells, so it can be accepted by a person of almost any blood type without triggering an immune response B) A person that can accept all blood types without triggering an immune response C) A person with AB+ blood who has erythrocytes with A, B, and Rh antigens and so lacks anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies D) Both B and C are correct ____ 17. True or False? The hematocrit is the percent of blood composed of leukocytes. ____ 18. True or False? Erythrocytes transport oxygen through the body. ____ 19. True or False? Platelets function in blood clotting. ____ 20. True or False? Monocytes are the most numerous type of leukocyte. ____ 21. True or False? Lymphocytes are primarily involved in the allergic response.Name: ________________________ ID: A 5 Figure 20.7 Peripheral blood smear. ____ 22. In Figure 20.7, identify number 1. A) Eosinophil B) Erythrocyte C) Neutrophil D) Monocyte E) Platelet F) Lymphocyte G) Basophil ____ 23. In Figure 20.7, identify number 2. A) Eosinophil B) Erythrocyte C) Neutrophil D) Monocyte E) Platelet F) Lymphocyte G) BasophilName: ________________________ ID: A 6 ____ 24. In Figure 20.7, identify number 3. A) Eosinophil B) Erythrocyte C) Monocyte D) Neutrophil E) Platelet F) Lymphocyte G) Basophil ____ 25. In Figure 20.7, identify number 4. A) Eosinophil B) Erythrocyte C) Monocyte D) Neutrophil E) Platelet F) Lymphocyte G) Basophil ____ 26. In Figure 20.7, identify number 5. A) Eosinophil B) Erythrocyte C) Monocyte D) Neutrophil E) Platelet F) Lymphocyte G) Basophil ____ 27. In Figure 20.7, identify number 6. A) Eosinophil B) Erythrocyte C) Monocyte D) Neutrophil E) Platelet F) Lymphocyte G) Basophil ____ 28. In Figure 20.7, identify number 7. A) Eosinophil B) Erythrocyte C) Monocyte D) Neutrophil E) Platelet F) Lymphocyte G) BasophilName: ________________________ ID: A 7 ____ 29. Which of the following correctly describes the function of albumin? A) Transports substances through the blood. B) Functions in immunity. C) Is part of the blood clotting cascade. D) Draws water into blood vessels by osmosis. ____ 30. Blood type O is characterized by having A) A antigens. B) B antigens. C) O antigens. D) Neither A nor B antigens. E) Both A and B antigens. ____ 31. Which antigens are present on the surface of erythrocytes of blood type AB–? A) A antigens. B) B antigens. C) Rh antigens. D) No antigens. E) Both A and B antigens. F) A, B, and Rh antigens. ____ 32. Which antigens are present on the surface of erythrocytes of blood type O+? A) A antigens. B) B antigens. C) Rh antigens. D) Both A and Rh antigens. E) Both B and Rh antigens. F) No antigens. ____ 33. Which antigens are present on the surface of erythrocytes of blood type O-? A) A antigens. B) B antigens. C) Rh antigens. D) Both A and Rh antigens. E) No antigens. F) A, B, and Rh antigens. ____ 34. Which antigens are present on the surface of erythrocytes of blood type A+? A) A antigens. B) B antigens. C) Rh antigens. D) Both A and Rh antigens. E) Both B and Rh antigens. F) No antigens.Name: ________________________ ID: A 8 ____ 35. Which of the following correctly describes the actions of antibodies on erythrocytes? A) Antibodies bind to antigens on the erythrocytes and agglutinate them. B) Antibodies bind to foreign erythrocytes and directly kill them. C) Antibodies digest dead, damaged, and foreign erythrocytes by phagocytosis. D) Antibodies trigger the production of B and T lymphocytes. ____ 36. Choose all that apply. A person with type A blood has which of the following antibodies? A) Anti-A antibodies. B) Anti-B antibodies. C) Anti-O antibodies. D) No antibodies. ____ 37. Choose all that apply. A person with type O+ blood has which of the following antibodies? (Assume the person has been exposed to Rh antigens.) A) Anti-A antibodies. B) Anti-B antibodies. C) Anti-Rh antibodies. D) No antibodies. ____ 38. When matching a donor and recipient for a blood transfusion, we are concerned with the A) donor’s antigens and the recipient’s antigens. B) donor’s antigens and the recipient’s antibodies. C) donor’s antibodies and the recipient’s antibodies. D) donor’s antibodies and the recipient’s antigens. ____ 39. Why do blood banks ask people with type O- blood to donate, if they are able? A) O– is considered the universal donor because it lacks the A and B antigens. For this reason, it will not react with a recipient’s antibodies. B) O– is considered the universal donor because it lacks the A, B, and Rh antigens. For this reason, it will not react with a recipient’s antibodies. C) AB– is considered the universal donor because it lacks the anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies. For this reason, it will not react with a recipient’s A, B, and/or Rh antigens. D) AB+ is considered the universal donor because this blood type has all three antigens on the surface of its erythrocytes. Therefore, it has none of the antibodies and so will not react to any of the other antigens on any blood type. 40. Your hospital patient has been admitted for a cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Lab analysis of blood work shows an elevated leukocyte count with, specifically, a high lymphocyte count. The nurse practitioner says that, based on this information, the patient likely has a viral infection, although he needs further information to confirm the diagnosis. What led him to conclude that the patient has a viral infection, and why? 41. Most bone marrow transplants require the destruction of the recipient’s own bone marrow with radiation and/or drugs. Why does this put patients at an increased risk of infection?Name: ________________________ ID: A 9 42. Professor Purple develops a poison in his lab that mimics anti-B antibodies. Will this poison be deadly to everyone, or only to certain people? Explain. 43. Professor Purple develops a poison in his lab that mimics anti-B antibodies. What effect will Professor Purple’s poison have on its victims? ____ 44. From which blood types could a person with type A– blood receive, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens? A) A+ and A– B) A+ and O+ C) A– and O– D) A– and AB– ____ 45. From which blood types could a person with type O+ blood receive, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens? A) O– B) O+ C) O+ and O– D) A+, A–, B+, B–, AB+, AB–, O+, and O– ____ 46. From which blood types could a person with type AB+ blood receive, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens? A) AB+ B) AB– and AB+ C) AB+, AB–, O+, and O– D) A+, A–, B+, B–, AB+, AB–, O+, and O– ____ 47. From which blood types could a person with type B– blood receive, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens? A) B+ and B– B) B– and O– C) B+, B–, AB+, and AB– D) B+, B–, O+ and O– ____ 48. To which blood types could a person with type O– blood donate, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens? A) O– B) O+, O– C) O+, O–, AB+, and AB– D) A+, A–, B+, B–, AB+, AB–, O+, and O–Name: ________________________ ID: A 10 ____ 49. To which blood types could a person with type B+ blood donate, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens? A) B+ and AB+ B) B+ and B– C) B+ and O+ D) B+, AB+, and O+ ____ 50. To which blood types could a person with type A+ blood donate, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens? A) A+ and AB+ B) A+ and A– C) A+ and O+ D) A+, AB+, and O+ ____ 51. To which blood types could a person with type AB– blood donate, assuming the recipients have been exposed to Rh antigens? A) AB– B) AB– and O– C) AB– and AB+ D) AB–, AB+, A–, A+, B–, B+, O–, and O+ ____ 52. Erythrocytes are also known as ____________. A) white blood cells B) macrophages C) red blood cells D) platelets ____ 53. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning human blood? A) The blood of all normal humans contains red and white cells, platelets, and plasma. B) Some human populations normally lack the ability to produce plasma. C) Proteins are not normal components of human blood. D) Serum is the same as plasma. ____ 54. Which of the following blood components provides the major body defense against invading bacteria and viruses? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Platelets D) Plasma ____ 55. The relatively clear liquid medium that carries the other blood cells is known as ____________. A) lipid B) plasma C) antibodies D) serumName: ________________________ ID: A 11 ____ 56. Which of the following is likely to increase in quantity when the body is under attack from bacteria? A) Basophils B) Neutrophils C) Eosinophils D) None of the above ____ 57. When blood clumps or forms visible islands in liquid plasma, the process is known as ______________. A) clotting B) agglutination C) thrombus D) embolism ____ 58. Antigens for the circulatory system are ___________. A) found on the surface of red blood cells B) found on the surface of macrophages C) oligopolysaccharides D) proteins used to engulf bacteria ____ 59. Which of the following statements is TRUE of antigen-antibody interactions? A) They are used by our bodies only to identify blood types. B) They identify and reject microorganisms that invade our bodies, such as viruses and bacteria. C) They are the way our blood clots when we are bleeding from an open wound. D) A and B ____ 60. Most of the volume of normal human blood is composed of _____________. A) red blood cells B) hemoglobin C) plasma D) white blood cells ____ 61. The ABO blood group system consists of the following blood types: A) A and B B) A, B, and O C) A, B, AB, and O D) None of the above ____ 62. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the ABO blood system? A) Individuals who have the A antigen normally would not produce the anti-A antibody. B) Individuals who are type AB normally produce both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. C) The only ABO blood type that normally does not have either A or B antigens is AB. D) The only ABO blood type that has both A and B antigens is O.Name: ________________________ ID: A 12 ____ 63. The universal blood donors for the ABO system are type _____________. A) A B) B C) O D) AB ____ 64. An individual's ABO blood type is normally determined by __________. A) genetic inheritance and environmental influences during life B) environmental influences alone C) inheritance of one of three possible alleles (A, B, or O) from each parent D) None of the above ____ 65. In determining the phenotype for the ABO blood system, ______________. A) O is dominant over A B) B is dominant over A C) O is recessive D) All of the above ____ 66. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be accepted as legal proof of paternity? A) HLA type evidence B) ABO blood type evidence C) DNA sequence evidence D) All are equally likely to be accepted. ____ 67. Which of the following statements is TRUE about blood components? A) Specific ABO blood types are known to be linked with increased or decreased susceptibility to particular diseases. B) Antibodies to foreign antigens in the ABO group may be present in one's body prior to the first contact with blood of a different ABO type. C) Antibodies to the Rh factor are formed only after exposure to the antigen. D) All of the above are correct. ____ 68. Which of the following does NOT affect the resistance found in the arteries? A) Presence of valves B) Vessel length C) Vessel diameter D) Viscosity of blood ____ 69. The cycling of water from the capillaries through the peripheral tissues and lymphatic system, then back to the bloodstream, ________________. A) assists in the transport of insoluble lipids and tissue proteins B) accelerates the distribution of nutrients, hormones, and dissolved gases throughout the tissues C) ensures that the plasma and interstitial fluid are in constant communication D) All of the aboveName: ________________________ ID: A 13 ____ 70. Mean arterial pressure _______ as the arterial branches become smaller. A) stabilizes B) increases C) decreases D) None of the above ____ 71. The process by which materials leave the capillary at the arterial end is known as ______; in contrast, the entry of materials into the capillary at the venous end is known as _____. A) active transport; passive transport B) diffusion; osmosis C) filtration; reabsorption D) None of the above ____ 72. Erythroblastosis fetalis ________________________. A) is also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn B) has no symptoms C) occurs with an Rh-positive infant and an Rh-negative mother D) A and B E) A and C ____ 73. The poison ricin __________. A) is from the lima bean plant B) interferes with protein synthesis C) prevents coagulation D) All of the above E) None of the above ____ 74. Agranulocytes ______. A) include monocytes B) include lymphocytes C) are neither lymphocytes nor monocytes D) lack visible cytoplasmic granules E) A, B, and D ____ 75. The laboratory test performed to determine the frequency of leukocytes is known as a _______. A) white blood cell count B) red blood cell count C) peripheral blood smear D) differential white blood cell count E) None of the aboveName: ________________________ ID: A 14 ____ 76. ___________ is (are) used to determine the antigens present on the surface of an erythrocyte. A) Platelets B) Antiserum C) Serum D) Red blood cell count E) None of the above ____ 77. A blood type is named based upon ______________. A) which antibody is not present on the cell surface B) which antibody is present on the cell surface C) which antigen is not present on the cell surface D) which antigen is present on the cell surface E) None of the above ____ 78. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning a transfusion reaction? A) It can be fatal. B) It can lead to kidney failure. C) It results in hemolysis. D) All of the above E) None of the above ____ 79. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood is measured with a(n) _______________. A) antiserum B) hemoglobinometer C) Tallquist paper D) B and C E) None of the above ____ 80. Normal range of a WBC count is _________. A) 1,000–1,500/mm3 B) 500–1,000/mm3 C) 4,000–11,000/mm3 D) 2,000–3,000/mm3 E) None of the above ____ 81. A normal RBC count is __________. A) 6.2–6.5 million/mm3 B) 2.3 million/mm3 C) 3.4–4.1 million/mm3 D) 4.2–5.9 million/mm3 E) None of the above