NURS 341 Exam 2 – Questions With Verified Solutions
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Terms in this set (123)
What is the cardiac conduction system SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches →
pathway? Purkinje fibers.
What are the components of ECG rhythm Heart rate, rhythm, P waves, PR interval, QRS duration, ST/T
analysis? wave, QT interval.
What is sinus tachycardia? Heart rate >100 bpm.
What is sinus bradycardia? Heart rate <60 bpm; atropine is the treatment for symptomatic
bradycardia.
Describe atrial fibrillation. Loss of atrial kick, irregular rhythm, high risk for emboli and
HF; has a pulse; disorganized atrial electrical activity,
decreased CO, increased risk of clots and stroke.
What causes atrial fibrillation? HTN, MI, congestive HF.
What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation? Anticoagulation, rhythm control meds, beta blockers, calcium
channel blockers, avoid vitamin K foods, ablation.
Describe ventricular tachycardia (VT). 140-180 bpm, life-threatening, may have or lack pulse, often
caused by med toxicity, HF, electrolyte imbalances,
hypotension.
How is pulseless VT treated? CPR, defibrillation, hold digoxin for at least 48 hrs.
Describe ventricular fibrillation (VF). Chaotic rhythm, no cardiac output, emergency defibrillation
required, no pulse.
What is ventricular asystole? Non-shockable rhythm with no electrical activity; treat with
CPR and airway maintenance.
Describe supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). HR 100-280, often due to anxiety, stress, dehydration; P waves
may be absent.
How is SVT treated? Vagal maneuvers, Valsalva, carotid massage, beta blockers,
amiodarone, calcium channel blockers, adenosine.
, What ECG finding distinguishes atrial Absence of clear P waves.
fibrillation from a normal sinus rhythm?
Why are patients with AF at risk for embolus Because blood quivers in the atria, allowing clot formation.
formation?
What is the first nursing action for a patient Assess vitals and LOC; if alert, perform vagal maneuvers; if
with SVT and hypotension? ineffective, start IV and administer adenosine; if still
ineffective, cardioversion.
How do PVCs differ from PACs? PACs originate in atria; PVCs originate in ventricles.
Which rhythm requires immediate VF.
defibrillation: VT or VF?
Define hypertension. Sustained BP ≥140/90 (<60 yrs) or ≥150/90 (≥60 yrs).
What are major risk factors for Obesity, smoking, stress, genetics, CKD, hyperlipidemia.
hypertension?
What is hypertensive crisis? BP >180/120 with headache, blurred vision, dyspnea; medical
emergency.
Differentiate primary and secondary Primary: most common, due to damage to organs; Secondary:
hypertension. due to another disease (kidney, Cushing's, pregnancy, etc.).
Which four systems regulate blood Arterial baroreceptors, body fluid volume, RAAS, vascular
pressure? autoregulation.
What symptoms might a patient in Blurred vision, SOB, dyspnea, uremia, morning headaches,
hypertensive crisis report? semi-consciousness.
Why is adherence to antihypertensive meds Side effects like frequent urination, inconvenience, and lack of
difficult? visible benefit.
Which patient needs immediate attention: The 53-year-old on diuretics with 160/80 because treatment
preeclampsia BP 120/68 or diuretic patient isn't working.
BP 160/80?
What is atherosclerosis? Plaque buildup in arteries; leading risk factor for CVD.
What is PAD? Peripheral arterial disease; diminished pulses, hair loss, cool
extremities, diagnosed by ABI.
What are the 6 Ps of arterial occlusion? Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis,
poikilothermia.
What differentiates arteriosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis: thickening/hardening of arteries;
atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis: plaque buildup, a type of arteriosclerosis.
Why should a femoral aneurysm not be It could rupture.
palpated?
What are three nonsurgical interventions for Early ambulation, compression therapy, leg elevation.
venous thromboembolism?
What are types of heart failure? Left-sided, right-sided, high-output.
Save
Students also studied
Sherpath: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 21 Test Case Study 4 (Short
30 terms 24 terms 22 terms
jesssbee Preview kenanderson2017 Preview Brittany182
Terms in this set (123)
What is the cardiac conduction system SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches →
pathway? Purkinje fibers.
What are the components of ECG rhythm Heart rate, rhythm, P waves, PR interval, QRS duration, ST/T
analysis? wave, QT interval.
What is sinus tachycardia? Heart rate >100 bpm.
What is sinus bradycardia? Heart rate <60 bpm; atropine is the treatment for symptomatic
bradycardia.
Describe atrial fibrillation. Loss of atrial kick, irregular rhythm, high risk for emboli and
HF; has a pulse; disorganized atrial electrical activity,
decreased CO, increased risk of clots and stroke.
What causes atrial fibrillation? HTN, MI, congestive HF.
What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation? Anticoagulation, rhythm control meds, beta blockers, calcium
channel blockers, avoid vitamin K foods, ablation.
Describe ventricular tachycardia (VT). 140-180 bpm, life-threatening, may have or lack pulse, often
caused by med toxicity, HF, electrolyte imbalances,
hypotension.
How is pulseless VT treated? CPR, defibrillation, hold digoxin for at least 48 hrs.
Describe ventricular fibrillation (VF). Chaotic rhythm, no cardiac output, emergency defibrillation
required, no pulse.
What is ventricular asystole? Non-shockable rhythm with no electrical activity; treat with
CPR and airway maintenance.
Describe supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). HR 100-280, often due to anxiety, stress, dehydration; P waves
may be absent.
How is SVT treated? Vagal maneuvers, Valsalva, carotid massage, beta blockers,
amiodarone, calcium channel blockers, adenosine.
, What ECG finding distinguishes atrial Absence of clear P waves.
fibrillation from a normal sinus rhythm?
Why are patients with AF at risk for embolus Because blood quivers in the atria, allowing clot formation.
formation?
What is the first nursing action for a patient Assess vitals and LOC; if alert, perform vagal maneuvers; if
with SVT and hypotension? ineffective, start IV and administer adenosine; if still
ineffective, cardioversion.
How do PVCs differ from PACs? PACs originate in atria; PVCs originate in ventricles.
Which rhythm requires immediate VF.
defibrillation: VT or VF?
Define hypertension. Sustained BP ≥140/90 (<60 yrs) or ≥150/90 (≥60 yrs).
What are major risk factors for Obesity, smoking, stress, genetics, CKD, hyperlipidemia.
hypertension?
What is hypertensive crisis? BP >180/120 with headache, blurred vision, dyspnea; medical
emergency.
Differentiate primary and secondary Primary: most common, due to damage to organs; Secondary:
hypertension. due to another disease (kidney, Cushing's, pregnancy, etc.).
Which four systems regulate blood Arterial baroreceptors, body fluid volume, RAAS, vascular
pressure? autoregulation.
What symptoms might a patient in Blurred vision, SOB, dyspnea, uremia, morning headaches,
hypertensive crisis report? semi-consciousness.
Why is adherence to antihypertensive meds Side effects like frequent urination, inconvenience, and lack of
difficult? visible benefit.
Which patient needs immediate attention: The 53-year-old on diuretics with 160/80 because treatment
preeclampsia BP 120/68 or diuretic patient isn't working.
BP 160/80?
What is atherosclerosis? Plaque buildup in arteries; leading risk factor for CVD.
What is PAD? Peripheral arterial disease; diminished pulses, hair loss, cool
extremities, diagnosed by ABI.
What are the 6 Ps of arterial occlusion? Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis,
poikilothermia.
What differentiates arteriosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis: thickening/hardening of arteries;
atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis: plaque buildup, a type of arteriosclerosis.
Why should a femoral aneurysm not be It could rupture.
palpated?
What are three nonsurgical interventions for Early ambulation, compression therapy, leg elevation.
venous thromboembolism?
What are types of heart failure? Left-sided, right-sided, high-output.
