Stuvia.com / f g g - / f g g The / f g g Marketplace / f g g to /f g g Buy / f g g and
Sell your Study
, Stuvia.com / f g g - / f g g The / f g g Marketplace / f g g to /f g g Buy / f g g and
Sell your Study
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and
/fgg /fgg /fgg / fgg /fgg / fgg / fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg Adolescents
MULTIPLE CHOICE /fgg
1. A nurse is reviewing developmentalconcepts for infants and children. Which statement
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg best describes development in infants and children?
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
within normal limits.
/fgg /fgg /fgg
b. Development /fgg is primarilyrelated to the growth in the number and size of cells.
/fgg / fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fg g / fg g /fgg /fgg /fg
g
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
development occurring first.
/fgg /fgg /fgg
d. Development / fg g is more easilyand accurately measured than growth.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
ANS: A /fgg
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
childs function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
complexity can vary normally within limits for each
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg child. An increase in the / fgg /fgg /fgg / fgg
number and size of cells is a definition for growth. Development proceeds in a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg / fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg occurring as a result of large /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
muscle organization. Development is a more
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg / f g g complex process that is affected by /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
predictable process with standard measurement methods.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg for which reason? /fgg /fgg
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
identify any delays or deficits.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fg
g
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fg g /fgg / fg g
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
, Stuvia.com / f gStuvia.coS m/ ftuvia.com
g - / f g g The / f g g/ f g-g to
g g Marketplace / f g/ fgg TheThe
g Buy / f g g and / f g g Sell / f g g your / f g g Study / f g g Material
MarketplaceMarketplace ttoo
ANS: C /fgg
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg specific developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg particular periods of time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg dynamic time of development that requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg developmental progress. Infants in a /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg / f g g nurturing environment will develop /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg growth and development? /fgg /fgg
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
ANS: C /fgg
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggAlthough factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg genetic traits, they do not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggpermanent. Culture is a significant factor that influences how children grow toward
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggadulthood. Culture influences both growth and development but does not eliminate
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgginborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role in determining growth
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggand development both before and after birth. The environment can influence how
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggand to which extent genetic traits are manifested,
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg but environmental factors cannot
/fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggeliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggsignificant / f g g role throughout childhood.
/fgg /fgg
4. A / f g g nurse / f g g is / f g g planning / f g g a / f g g teaching / f g g session / f g g with / f g g a / f g g child. / f g g According
/ f g g to / f g g Piagetian / f g g theory, / f g g the /fgg period / f g g of / f g g cognitive / f g g development / f g g in
/ f g g which / f g g the / f g g child / f g g is / f g g able / f g g to / f g g distinguish / f g g fact / f g g from fantasy is /fgg /fgg
/ f g g the period of cognitive development.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
a. sensorimotor
, Stuvia.com /fgg- /fggThe /fggMarketplace /fggto /fggBuy /fggand /fggSell
your Study
b. formal operations /fgg
c. concrete operations /fgg
d. preoperational
ANS: C /fgg
Concrete operations is the period of cognitive development in which childrens thinking is
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
shifted from egocentric to being able to see anothers point of view. They develop
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg the ability to distinguish fact from fantasy. The sensorimotor stage occurs in
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg infancy and is a period of reflexive behavior. During this period, the infants
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg world becomes more permanent and organized. The stage ends with the infant
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg demonstrating some evidence of reasoning. Formal operations is a period in
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg development in which new ideas are created through previous thoughts. Analytic
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg reason and abstract thought emerge in this period. The preoperational stage is a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg period of egocentrism in which the childs judgments are illogical and dominated
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg by magical thinking and animism.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
5. The theorist who viewed developmentalprogression as a lifelong series of conflicts that
/fg
g /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg need resolution is:
/fgg /fgg
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS: A /fgg
Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts affected by social and
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg cultural factors. Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg emotionally, with unsuccessful resolution leaving the child emotionally disabled.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg Sigmund Freud proposed a psychosexual theory of development in which certain
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg parts of the body assume psychological significance as foci of sexual energy. The
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg foci shift as the individual moves through the different stages (oral, anal, phallic,
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg latency, and genital) of development. Lawrence Kohlberg described moral
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg development as having three levels (preconventional, conventional, and
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg postconventional). His /fgg
Sell your Study
, Stuvia.com / f g g - / f g g The / f g g Marketplace / f g g to /f g g Buy / f g g and
Sell your Study
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and
/fgg /fgg /fgg / fgg /fgg / fgg / fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg Adolescents
MULTIPLE CHOICE /fgg
1. A nurse is reviewing developmentalconcepts for infants and children. Which statement
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg best describes development in infants and children?
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
within normal limits.
/fgg /fgg /fgg
b. Development /fgg is primarilyrelated to the growth in the number and size of cells.
/fgg / fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fg g / fg g /fgg /fgg /fg
g
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
development occurring first.
/fgg /fgg /fgg
d. Development / fg g is more easilyand accurately measured than growth.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
ANS: A /fgg
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
childs function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
complexity can vary normally within limits for each
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg child. An increase in the / fgg /fgg /fgg / fgg
number and size of cells is a definition for growth. Development proceeds in a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg / fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg occurring as a result of large /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
muscle organization. Development is a more
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg / f g g complex process that is affected by /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
predictable process with standard measurement methods.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg for which reason? /fgg /fgg
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
identify any delays or deficits.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fg
g
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fg g /fgg / fg g
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
, Stuvia.com / f gStuvia.coS m/ ftuvia.com
g - / f g g The / f g g/ f g-g to
g g Marketplace / f g/ fgg TheThe
g Buy / f g g and / f g g Sell / f g g your / f g g Study / f g g Material
MarketplaceMarketplace ttoo
ANS: C /fgg
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg specific developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg particular periods of time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg dynamic time of development that requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg developmental progress. Infants in a /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg / f g g nurturing environment will develop /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg growth and development? /fgg /fgg
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
ANS: C /fgg
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggAlthough factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg genetic traits, they do not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggpermanent. Culture is a significant factor that influences how children grow toward
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggadulthood. Culture influences both growth and development but does not eliminate
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgginborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role in determining growth
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggand development both before and after birth. The environment can influence how
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggand to which extent genetic traits are manifested,
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg but environmental factors cannot
/fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggeliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fggsignificant / f g g role throughout childhood.
/fgg /fgg
4. A / f g g nurse / f g g is / f g g planning / f g g a / f g g teaching / f g g session / f g g with / f g g a / f g g child. / f g g According
/ f g g to / f g g Piagetian / f g g theory, / f g g the /fgg period / f g g of / f g g cognitive / f g g development / f g g in
/ f g g which / f g g the / f g g child / f g g is / f g g able / f g g to / f g g distinguish / f g g fact / f g g from fantasy is /fgg /fgg
/ f g g the period of cognitive development.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
a. sensorimotor
, Stuvia.com /fgg- /fggThe /fggMarketplace /fggto /fggBuy /fggand /fggSell
your Study
b. formal operations /fgg
c. concrete operations /fgg
d. preoperational
ANS: C /fgg
Concrete operations is the period of cognitive development in which childrens thinking is
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
shifted from egocentric to being able to see anothers point of view. They develop
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg the ability to distinguish fact from fantasy. The sensorimotor stage occurs in
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg infancy and is a period of reflexive behavior. During this period, the infants
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg world becomes more permanent and organized. The stage ends with the infant
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg demonstrating some evidence of reasoning. Formal operations is a period in
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg development in which new ideas are created through previous thoughts. Analytic
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg reason and abstract thought emerge in this period. The preoperational stage is a
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg period of egocentrism in which the childs judgments are illogical and dominated
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg by magical thinking and animism.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
5. The theorist who viewed developmentalprogression as a lifelong series of conflicts that
/fg
g /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg need resolution is:
/fgg /fgg
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS: A /fgg
Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts affected by social and
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg cultural factors. Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg emotionally, with unsuccessful resolution leaving the child emotionally disabled.
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg Sigmund Freud proposed a psychosexual theory of development in which certain
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg parts of the body assume psychological significance as foci of sexual energy. The
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg foci shift as the individual moves through the different stages (oral, anal, phallic,
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg latency, and genital) of development. Lawrence Kohlberg described moral
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg development as having three levels (preconventional, conventional, and
/fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg /fgg
/fgg postconventional). His /fgg
