NSD 225 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Hunger - Correct Answers -the primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food,
mostly regulated by internal cues to eating
Cals per gram for carbs - Correct Answers -4
Cals per gram from lipids - Correct Answers -9
Cals per gram for proteins - Correct Answers -4
Appetite - Correct Answers -the primary physiological (external) influences that
encourage us to find and eat food, often in the absence of obvious hunger
Satiety - Correct Answers -state in which there is no longer a desire to eat, a feeling of
satisfaction
Nutrients - Correct Answers -chemical substances in food that contribute to health,
many of which are essential parts of a diet, nutrients nourish us by providing calories to
fulfill energy needs, materials for building body parts, and factors to regulate necessary
chemical processes in the body
Essential nutrient - Correct Answers -in nutritional terms, a substance that, when left out
of a diet, leads to signs of poor health, the body either cannot produce this nutrient or
cannot produce enough of it to meet its needs, then if added back to a diet before
permanent damage occurs, the affected aspects of health are restored
Glucose - Correct Answers -a six-carbon sugar that exists in a ring form; found as such
in blood, and in table sugar bound to fructose; also known as dextrose, it is one of the
simple sugars
Carbohydrate - Correct Answers -a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms. Most are known as sugars, starches and fibers
Lipid - Correct Answers -a compound containing much carbon and hydrogen, little
oxygen, and sometimes other atoms, do not dissolve in water and include fats, oils and
cholesterol
, Protein - Correct Answers -food and body compounds made of amino acids, proteins
contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes other atoms, in a specific
configuration, contains the form of nitrogen most easily used by the human body
Vitamin - Correct Answers -compound needed in very small amounts in the diet to help
regulate and support chemical reactions in the body
Mineral - Correct Answers -element used to promote chemical reactions and to form
body structures
Water - Correct Answers -the universal solvent; chemically h2o, the body is composed
of about 60% water, need 9-13 cups per day
Kilocalorie (kcal) - Correct Answers -heat energy needed to raise the temperature of
1000 grams of water one degree Celsius; also written as calorie
Simple sugar - Correct Answers -monosaccharide or disaccharide in the diet
Complex carbohydrate - Correct Answers -composed of many monosaccharide
molecules, ex: glycogen, starch and fiber
Macronutrient - Correct Answers -a nutrient needed in gram quantities in a diet
Micronutrient - Correct Answers -a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities
in the diet
Bond - Correct Answers -a linkage between 2 atoms formed by the sharing of electrons
or attractions
Fiber - Correct Answers -substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that
take place in the human stomach or small intestine, add bulk to feces, fiber naturally
found in foods is also called dietary fiber
Enzyme - Correct Answers -a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but
is not altered by the reaction, almost all enzymes are proteins
Amino acid - Correct Answers -the building block for proteins containing a central
carbon atom with nitrogen and other atoms attached
Inorganic - Correct Answers -any substance lacking carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen
atoms in the chemical structure
Electrolytes - Correct Answers -substances that separate into ions in water and, in turn,
are able to conduct an electrical current, include sodium, chloride and potassium
Solvent - Correct Answers -a liquid substance in which other substances dissolve
ANSWERS
Hunger - Correct Answers -the primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food,
mostly regulated by internal cues to eating
Cals per gram for carbs - Correct Answers -4
Cals per gram from lipids - Correct Answers -9
Cals per gram for proteins - Correct Answers -4
Appetite - Correct Answers -the primary physiological (external) influences that
encourage us to find and eat food, often in the absence of obvious hunger
Satiety - Correct Answers -state in which there is no longer a desire to eat, a feeling of
satisfaction
Nutrients - Correct Answers -chemical substances in food that contribute to health,
many of which are essential parts of a diet, nutrients nourish us by providing calories to
fulfill energy needs, materials for building body parts, and factors to regulate necessary
chemical processes in the body
Essential nutrient - Correct Answers -in nutritional terms, a substance that, when left out
of a diet, leads to signs of poor health, the body either cannot produce this nutrient or
cannot produce enough of it to meet its needs, then if added back to a diet before
permanent damage occurs, the affected aspects of health are restored
Glucose - Correct Answers -a six-carbon sugar that exists in a ring form; found as such
in blood, and in table sugar bound to fructose; also known as dextrose, it is one of the
simple sugars
Carbohydrate - Correct Answers -a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms. Most are known as sugars, starches and fibers
Lipid - Correct Answers -a compound containing much carbon and hydrogen, little
oxygen, and sometimes other atoms, do not dissolve in water and include fats, oils and
cholesterol
, Protein - Correct Answers -food and body compounds made of amino acids, proteins
contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes other atoms, in a specific
configuration, contains the form of nitrogen most easily used by the human body
Vitamin - Correct Answers -compound needed in very small amounts in the diet to help
regulate and support chemical reactions in the body
Mineral - Correct Answers -element used to promote chemical reactions and to form
body structures
Water - Correct Answers -the universal solvent; chemically h2o, the body is composed
of about 60% water, need 9-13 cups per day
Kilocalorie (kcal) - Correct Answers -heat energy needed to raise the temperature of
1000 grams of water one degree Celsius; also written as calorie
Simple sugar - Correct Answers -monosaccharide or disaccharide in the diet
Complex carbohydrate - Correct Answers -composed of many monosaccharide
molecules, ex: glycogen, starch and fiber
Macronutrient - Correct Answers -a nutrient needed in gram quantities in a diet
Micronutrient - Correct Answers -a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities
in the diet
Bond - Correct Answers -a linkage between 2 atoms formed by the sharing of electrons
or attractions
Fiber - Correct Answers -substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that
take place in the human stomach or small intestine, add bulk to feces, fiber naturally
found in foods is also called dietary fiber
Enzyme - Correct Answers -a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but
is not altered by the reaction, almost all enzymes are proteins
Amino acid - Correct Answers -the building block for proteins containing a central
carbon atom with nitrogen and other atoms attached
Inorganic - Correct Answers -any substance lacking carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen
atoms in the chemical structure
Electrolytes - Correct Answers -substances that separate into ions in water and, in turn,
are able to conduct an electrical current, include sodium, chloride and potassium
Solvent - Correct Answers -a liquid substance in which other substances dissolve
