HESI A2 A&P TEST BANK 300+ Practice Questions with Detailed Explanations
In which part of the lungs do nearly all the gaseous exchanges between air and blood take
place?
A. Pleura.
B. Trachea.
C. Bronchioles.
D. Alveoli.
D. The alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
takes place.
Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of __________.
A. thiamine.
B. vitamin C.
C. niacin.
D. protein.
A. Thiamine (B1) deficiency is often found in people whose diet consists largely of polished
white rice; in refining the rice, the thiamine-rich husk is removed. Beriberi may affect several
systems in the body and may lead to paralysis or death.
How does the endocrine system work with the reproductive system?
A. The reproductive system transforms minerals into useful nutrients.
B. The endocrine system determines the sex of the embryo.
C. The reproductive system controls the growth of secondary sex organs.
D. The endocrine system produces chemicals that regulate sexual function.
D. The hormones produced by the endocrine system are critical in sexual development and
reproduction.
Which hormone controls sleep, mood, and appetite?
A. Serotonin.
B. Oxytocin.
C. Cortisol.
D. Aldosterone.
A. Oxytocin (choice B) facilitates birth and breast-feeding. Cortisol (choice C) increases blood
sugar and controls some aspects of fat breakdown. Aldosterone (choice D) controls reabsorption
of ions and regulates blood pressure. Serotonin (choice A) is a neurotransmitter found in the gut
that regulates appetite and sleep as well as some aspects of mood.
,Which part of the brain is most posterior?
A. Frontal lobe.
B. Parietal lobe.
C. Temporal lobe.
D. Occipital lobe.
D. The occipital lobe is farthest back in the skull, posterior to the other parts of the brain.
Which of the following is an HDL cholesterol level that might warrant regular testing?
A. 70.
B. 60.
C. 50.
D. 40.
D. HDL ("good") cholesterol levels in healthy adults range from around 40 to 120mh/dL, with
the mean being a bit over 53. Smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle may lead to lower HDL.
A level of 40 would indicate the need for regular monitoring.
How does a transverse section divide the body?
A. Into right and left regions.
B. Into upper and lower regions.
C. Into front and back regions.
D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities.
B. A transverse section is a cross section.
What is the function of amylase?
A. Breaking down starch.
B. Digesting fat.
C. Breaking down protein.
D. Absorbing water.
A. Amylase is present in saliva, where it begins to break down starch into sugar.
The spleen is part of the ___________.
A. nervous system.
B. integumentary system.
C. lymphatic system.
D. urinary system.
C. The spleen uses lymphocytes and macrophages to filter out bacteria, dead tissue, and foreign
matter.
, Which mineral is important for the formation of red blood cells?
A. Selenium.
B. Calcium.
C. Magnesium.
D. Copper.
D. Although iron is vital for red blood formation, copper is important for proper iron
metabolism. A copper deficiency can quickly lead to anemia.
The dorsal body cavity is _________ to the ventral body cavity.
A. medial.
B. deep.
C. posterior.
D. anterior.
C. The dorsal body cavity contains the spinal column, making it posterior, or toward the back of
the body, compared to the ventral body cavity, which contains the structures of the chest and
abdomen.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for preventing water loss?
A. The nervous system.
B. The integumentary system.
C. The lymphatic system.
D. The urinary system.
B. The integumentary system (the skin and its appendages) waterproofs the body from outside
and guards against excess fluid loss from inside.
Which cut is considered a cross section?
A. A sagittal or frontal section.
B. A cut along the coronal plane.
C. A cut along the median plane.
D. A cut through the transverse plane.
D. A transverse section is a cross section; it separates the body horizontally into upper and lower
sections.
Which enzyme functions to break down a specific sugar?
A. Catalase.
B. Lipase.
C. Protease.
D. Lactase.
In which part of the lungs do nearly all the gaseous exchanges between air and blood take
place?
A. Pleura.
B. Trachea.
C. Bronchioles.
D. Alveoli.
D. The alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
takes place.
Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of __________.
A. thiamine.
B. vitamin C.
C. niacin.
D. protein.
A. Thiamine (B1) deficiency is often found in people whose diet consists largely of polished
white rice; in refining the rice, the thiamine-rich husk is removed. Beriberi may affect several
systems in the body and may lead to paralysis or death.
How does the endocrine system work with the reproductive system?
A. The reproductive system transforms minerals into useful nutrients.
B. The endocrine system determines the sex of the embryo.
C. The reproductive system controls the growth of secondary sex organs.
D. The endocrine system produces chemicals that regulate sexual function.
D. The hormones produced by the endocrine system are critical in sexual development and
reproduction.
Which hormone controls sleep, mood, and appetite?
A. Serotonin.
B. Oxytocin.
C. Cortisol.
D. Aldosterone.
A. Oxytocin (choice B) facilitates birth and breast-feeding. Cortisol (choice C) increases blood
sugar and controls some aspects of fat breakdown. Aldosterone (choice D) controls reabsorption
of ions and regulates blood pressure. Serotonin (choice A) is a neurotransmitter found in the gut
that regulates appetite and sleep as well as some aspects of mood.
,Which part of the brain is most posterior?
A. Frontal lobe.
B. Parietal lobe.
C. Temporal lobe.
D. Occipital lobe.
D. The occipital lobe is farthest back in the skull, posterior to the other parts of the brain.
Which of the following is an HDL cholesterol level that might warrant regular testing?
A. 70.
B. 60.
C. 50.
D. 40.
D. HDL ("good") cholesterol levels in healthy adults range from around 40 to 120mh/dL, with
the mean being a bit over 53. Smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle may lead to lower HDL.
A level of 40 would indicate the need for regular monitoring.
How does a transverse section divide the body?
A. Into right and left regions.
B. Into upper and lower regions.
C. Into front and back regions.
D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities.
B. A transverse section is a cross section.
What is the function of amylase?
A. Breaking down starch.
B. Digesting fat.
C. Breaking down protein.
D. Absorbing water.
A. Amylase is present in saliva, where it begins to break down starch into sugar.
The spleen is part of the ___________.
A. nervous system.
B. integumentary system.
C. lymphatic system.
D. urinary system.
C. The spleen uses lymphocytes and macrophages to filter out bacteria, dead tissue, and foreign
matter.
, Which mineral is important for the formation of red blood cells?
A. Selenium.
B. Calcium.
C. Magnesium.
D. Copper.
D. Although iron is vital for red blood formation, copper is important for proper iron
metabolism. A copper deficiency can quickly lead to anemia.
The dorsal body cavity is _________ to the ventral body cavity.
A. medial.
B. deep.
C. posterior.
D. anterior.
C. The dorsal body cavity contains the spinal column, making it posterior, or toward the back of
the body, compared to the ventral body cavity, which contains the structures of the chest and
abdomen.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for preventing water loss?
A. The nervous system.
B. The integumentary system.
C. The lymphatic system.
D. The urinary system.
B. The integumentary system (the skin and its appendages) waterproofs the body from outside
and guards against excess fluid loss from inside.
Which cut is considered a cross section?
A. A sagittal or frontal section.
B. A cut along the coronal plane.
C. A cut along the median plane.
D. A cut through the transverse plane.
D. A transverse section is a cross section; it separates the body horizontally into upper and lower
sections.
Which enzyme functions to break down a specific sugar?
A. Catalase.
B. Lipase.
C. Protease.
D. Lactase.
