WGU D115 OA ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANS T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANS Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANS Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - ANS (ex)
Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANS Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood
pressure maintained.
DKA - ANS increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANS retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANS Potassium
West Nile Virus - ANS Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and
symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANS Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANS a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANS Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANS arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANS results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid
filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANS males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANS ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANS Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANS Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANS It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own
Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with
ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANS inflammation of the skin
eczema - ANS noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANS sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - ANS superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused
by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANS noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANS uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - ANS The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANS disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin
D deficiency
myoglobin - ANS red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANS fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANS T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANS Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANS Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - ANS (ex)
Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANS Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood
pressure maintained.
DKA - ANS increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANS retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANS Potassium
West Nile Virus - ANS Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and
symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANS Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANS a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANS Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANS arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANS results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid
filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANS males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANS ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANS Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANS Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANS It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own
Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with
ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANS inflammation of the skin
eczema - ANS noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANS sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - ANS superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused
by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANS noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANS uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - ANS The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANS disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin
D deficiency
myoglobin - ANS red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANS fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
