SHARP EKG EXAM| 50+ ACTUAL QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS || GRADED A+ 2025
Characteristics of Ventricular Tachycardia - --answer--Wide an bizarre QRS
complex, greater than 100 beats per minute, absent P waves, no PRI, can be
monomorphic or polymorphic
SA node rate - --answer--60-100 bpm
AV node rate - --answer--40-60 bpm
Prukinje fiber rate - --answer--15-40bpm
Accelerated Junctional Rhythm - --answer--regular rhythm, rate 60-100, p waves
inverted or occur before during or after QRS, PRI measured if p before QRS <0.12
AV Blocks - --answer--AV blocks are identified as a delay or interruption of the
electrical impulse conduction beyond the AV node. It is evaluated by measuring
the PR interval in ECG traces. THE PR INTERVAL IS THE KEY OF DIFFERENTIATION
AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE AV BLOCKS!
First degree AV block - --answer--prolonged PR interval
,Second Degree AV block type 1 - --answer--AKA Wenckebach
Results from a cyclical and progressive conduction delay through the AV junction.
Characteristic cyclical lengthening of the PR interval followed by a dropped QRS
(or a P wave with no QRS).
Irregular Rhythm
Second Degree AV Block Type 2 - --answer--intermittent interruptions of AV
conduction; *QRS's just drop off with no warning*
Third degree AV block (complete heart block) - --answer--Atrial and ventricular
rhythms regular
Ventricular rate is 40-60 bpm (AV node origin); < 40 bpm (Purkinje system origin)
No relationship between P waves and QRS complexes
QRS complex normal (originating in AV node) or wide and bizarre (originating in
Purkinje system)
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) - --answer--A condition in which the heartbeat is
quite rapid; if rapid enough, ventricular tachycardia will not allow the heart's
chambers to fill with enough blood between beats to produce blood flow
sufficient to meet the body's needs.
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - --answer--abnormal heart rhythm which results in
quivering of ventricles
atrial fibrillation - --answer--occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the
atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall
,Atrial Flutter - --answer--irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-
flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block"
Asystole - --answer--absence of contractions of the heart
heart layers - --answer--Endocardium ( inner), myocardium ( middle), and
epicardium ( outer)
treatment for a fib - --answer--heparin & diltiazem (cardizem)
Treatment for atrial flutter - --answer--Medication and/or electrical cardioversion
Treatment for Atrial Tachycardia - --answer--- Adenosine
- procainamide
- amiodarone
- BB
-CCB
Atrial Tachycardia (SVT) - --answer--Regularity: R-R intervals are constant; Regular
Rate: artial/ventricular rates are equal; heart rate is between 150-250 bpm.
P-Wave: One P Wave in front of every QRS; may be flattened or notched; because
of the rapid rate, the P waves can be hidden within the T waves
PRI: .12-.20 seconds and constant
QRS: <.12 seconds
, Idioventricular Rhythm - --answer--<40
*looks like vtach but slow*
- no P waves (from vent foci)
- Wide QRS
(serious, death like rhythm)
- called "dying heart" rhythm...occasional ventric beat b4 death (asystole)
What are the two major ions that affect cardiac function? - --answer--1. sodium
2. potassium
What are the primary ions inside the cell? - --answer--Potassium
What are the primary ions outside the cell? - --answer--Sodium
Distribution of ions on either side of the membrane is determined by which
several factors? - --answer--1. membrane channels
2. concentration gradient
3. electrical gradient
4. sodium-potassium pump
Where is the SA node located? - --answer--In the upper wall of the right
atrium/near the inlet of the superior vena cava
What is the intrinsic rate of the SA node? - --answer--60-100 bpm
CORRECT ANSWERS || GRADED A+ 2025
Characteristics of Ventricular Tachycardia - --answer--Wide an bizarre QRS
complex, greater than 100 beats per minute, absent P waves, no PRI, can be
monomorphic or polymorphic
SA node rate - --answer--60-100 bpm
AV node rate - --answer--40-60 bpm
Prukinje fiber rate - --answer--15-40bpm
Accelerated Junctional Rhythm - --answer--regular rhythm, rate 60-100, p waves
inverted or occur before during or after QRS, PRI measured if p before QRS <0.12
AV Blocks - --answer--AV blocks are identified as a delay or interruption of the
electrical impulse conduction beyond the AV node. It is evaluated by measuring
the PR interval in ECG traces. THE PR INTERVAL IS THE KEY OF DIFFERENTIATION
AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE AV BLOCKS!
First degree AV block - --answer--prolonged PR interval
,Second Degree AV block type 1 - --answer--AKA Wenckebach
Results from a cyclical and progressive conduction delay through the AV junction.
Characteristic cyclical lengthening of the PR interval followed by a dropped QRS
(or a P wave with no QRS).
Irregular Rhythm
Second Degree AV Block Type 2 - --answer--intermittent interruptions of AV
conduction; *QRS's just drop off with no warning*
Third degree AV block (complete heart block) - --answer--Atrial and ventricular
rhythms regular
Ventricular rate is 40-60 bpm (AV node origin); < 40 bpm (Purkinje system origin)
No relationship between P waves and QRS complexes
QRS complex normal (originating in AV node) or wide and bizarre (originating in
Purkinje system)
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) - --answer--A condition in which the heartbeat is
quite rapid; if rapid enough, ventricular tachycardia will not allow the heart's
chambers to fill with enough blood between beats to produce blood flow
sufficient to meet the body's needs.
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) - --answer--abnormal heart rhythm which results in
quivering of ventricles
atrial fibrillation - --answer--occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the
atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall
,Atrial Flutter - --answer--irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-
flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block"
Asystole - --answer--absence of contractions of the heart
heart layers - --answer--Endocardium ( inner), myocardium ( middle), and
epicardium ( outer)
treatment for a fib - --answer--heparin & diltiazem (cardizem)
Treatment for atrial flutter - --answer--Medication and/or electrical cardioversion
Treatment for Atrial Tachycardia - --answer--- Adenosine
- procainamide
- amiodarone
- BB
-CCB
Atrial Tachycardia (SVT) - --answer--Regularity: R-R intervals are constant; Regular
Rate: artial/ventricular rates are equal; heart rate is between 150-250 bpm.
P-Wave: One P Wave in front of every QRS; may be flattened or notched; because
of the rapid rate, the P waves can be hidden within the T waves
PRI: .12-.20 seconds and constant
QRS: <.12 seconds
, Idioventricular Rhythm - --answer--<40
*looks like vtach but slow*
- no P waves (from vent foci)
- Wide QRS
(serious, death like rhythm)
- called "dying heart" rhythm...occasional ventric beat b4 death (asystole)
What are the two major ions that affect cardiac function? - --answer--1. sodium
2. potassium
What are the primary ions inside the cell? - --answer--Potassium
What are the primary ions outside the cell? - --answer--Sodium
Distribution of ions on either side of the membrane is determined by which
several factors? - --answer--1. membrane channels
2. concentration gradient
3. electrical gradient
4. sodium-potassium pump
Where is the SA node located? - --answer--In the upper wall of the right
atrium/near the inlet of the superior vena cava
What is the intrinsic rate of the SA node? - --answer--60-100 bpm
