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NURS 3303 Exam 1 Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
Pathology
Ans: the scientific study of disease
Etiology
Ans: cause of disease
idiopathic
Ans: cause of disease is unknown- occurs naturally
latrogenic
Ans: causes due to medical complication, error, treatment, or
procedure.
predisposing factors
Ans: tendencies that promote development of a disease in an
individual
- age, gender, inherited trauma, occupational exposure, dietary
practices, smoking, obesity.
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precipitating factors
Ans: condition that triggers an acute episode
complications
Ans: new or secondary problems arising after the initial disease
Sequelae
Ans: unwelcome results of a disease or injury
what causes disease?
Ans: - genetic variations
- infections
- injury/trauma
- lifestyle
- enviornmental factors
Functions of all cells
Ans: - metabolic absorption: nutrient absorption
- respiration: oxidation by O2 by mitochondria
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- excretion: removal of byproducts of metabolism Co2
- communication: internally and externally.
Adenosine tri-phosphate
Ans: (ATP)
- energy source
nutrients are transformed into energy by the mitochondria
through the process of AEROBIC metabolism.
Involves: kreb's cycle, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation.
Causes of cellular adaptation
Ans: Ischemia or cellular hypoxia- decreased oxygen
(most common way for cellular injury or death)
- inflammation
- nutrients imbalance
- fluid/electrolyte disturbances
- microorganisms (infectious agents)
- free radical injury
- chemical agents
- genetic defects
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hypertrophy
Ans: the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in
size of its cells.
causes: increased stimuli and increased workload or use
physiologic stimuli and pathologic stimuli (cardiomyopathy:
enlarged heart/ left ventricle)
effects: enlargement of heart, enlargement of muscles, and
hypertension- super hard heart use. this also leads to
angiogenesis: enlarged heart.
atrophy
Ans: decreased tissue mass- cell degeneration and cells get
smaller.
causes: disuse or decreased metabolic need, decreased blood
flow(ISCHEMIA), lack of nerve stimulation or use, loss of
hormonal stimulation, inadequate nutrition, aging.
Sodium-Postassium Pump
Ans: - The maintenance of cellular movement Na+ outside and
K+ inside requires energy.
- The sodium potassium pump uses adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) to constantly move these two ions in opposite directions
across the plasma membrane.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
NURS 3303 Exam 1 Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
Pathology
Ans: the scientific study of disease
Etiology
Ans: cause of disease
idiopathic
Ans: cause of disease is unknown- occurs naturally
latrogenic
Ans: causes due to medical complication, error, treatment, or
procedure.
predisposing factors
Ans: tendencies that promote development of a disease in an
individual
- age, gender, inherited trauma, occupational exposure, dietary
practices, smoking, obesity.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
precipitating factors
Ans: condition that triggers an acute episode
complications
Ans: new or secondary problems arising after the initial disease
Sequelae
Ans: unwelcome results of a disease or injury
what causes disease?
Ans: - genetic variations
- infections
- injury/trauma
- lifestyle
- enviornmental factors
Functions of all cells
Ans: - metabolic absorption: nutrient absorption
- respiration: oxidation by O2 by mitochondria
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
- excretion: removal of byproducts of metabolism Co2
- communication: internally and externally.
Adenosine tri-phosphate
Ans: (ATP)
- energy source
nutrients are transformed into energy by the mitochondria
through the process of AEROBIC metabolism.
Involves: kreb's cycle, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation.
Causes of cellular adaptation
Ans: Ischemia or cellular hypoxia- decreased oxygen
(most common way for cellular injury or death)
- inflammation
- nutrients imbalance
- fluid/electrolyte disturbances
- microorganisms (infectious agents)
- free radical injury
- chemical agents
- genetic defects
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |4
hypertrophy
Ans: the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in
size of its cells.
causes: increased stimuli and increased workload or use
physiologic stimuli and pathologic stimuli (cardiomyopathy:
enlarged heart/ left ventricle)
effects: enlargement of heart, enlargement of muscles, and
hypertension- super hard heart use. this also leads to
angiogenesis: enlarged heart.
atrophy
Ans: decreased tissue mass- cell degeneration and cells get
smaller.
causes: disuse or decreased metabolic need, decreased blood
flow(ISCHEMIA), lack of nerve stimulation or use, loss of
hormonal stimulation, inadequate nutrition, aging.
Sodium-Postassium Pump
Ans: - The maintenance of cellular movement Na+ outside and
K+ inside requires energy.
- The sodium potassium pump uses adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) to constantly move these two ions in opposite directions
across the plasma membrane.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
