PSL300 Final Questions With Complete Solutions
adrenergic modulation Correct Answers stress, vigilance,
attention, arousal, learning, memory, anxiety
locus coeruleus pons --> cortex, diencephalon, olfactory bulb,
cerebellum, midbrain, SC
central hearing loss Correct Answers damage to cortex or
projections
cannot recognize or interpret sounds
cholinergic modulatory system Correct Answers attention,
sleep-wake, arousal, learning, sensory information
cerebrum, pons, midbrain --> cerebrum, hippocampus, thalamus
cingulate motor area Correct Answers controls the emotional
drive to movement
describe A beta fibers Correct Answers large, myelinated,
70m/s
gating, provide feedback to M1
describe C fibers Correct Answers small, free endings,
unmyelinated, 2m/s
reflex responses, slow pain for healing
,involved in gating
describe the adrenal medullas role in autonomic nervous system
Correct Answers essentially a specialized neuro-endocrine
tissue in sympathetic nervous system
chromaffin cells stimulated to release epinephrine by
sympathetic
Describe the structure of organ of corti Correct Answers sit on
basilar membrane, and under the tectorial membrane
has epithelial receptor cells with stiff stereocilia extended into
tectorial membrane
describe thermoreceptors Correct Answers cold receptors
respond at 30 degrees, warm at 45
above 45 nociception is activated, cold fibers also respond at 45
degrees
describes A delta fibers Correct Answers small, free endings,
myelinated, 30m/s
reflex responses, fast pain
dopaminergic modulation Correct Answers reward center,
motor control
substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area midrabin --> cortex and
limbic system
, explain gating Correct Answers gated by A-beta activity in the
dorsal horn
A-beta fibers inhibit the interneuron to C-fibers to prevent
conduction to the brain by c-fibers
explain how the basilar membrane responds to different
frequencies at different points. Correct Answers membrane is
narrow and stiff at round and oval windows (higher frequency
waves displace)
low frequency waves displace at helicotrema
explain LTP mechanism Correct Answers influxe of calcium
ion activates phosphorylation of membrane proteins to enhance
EPSPs, generate retrograde transmitter that increase vesicle
release, trigger trasncription/translation of postsynpatic receptors
explain sleep atonia Correct Answers large reticulospinal and
corticospinal tract neurons are active in REM, by hyperpolarized
by inhibitory reticulospinal/pons system
explain the auditory projections from cochlear nuclei Correct
Answers cochlear nucleu in medulla --> midbrain --> medial
geniculate nucleus in thalamus --> auditory cortex
explain the baroreflex pathway Correct Answers baroreceptors
--> NTS --> caudal VLM (inhibitory) --> rostral VLM -->
sympathetic activity
(VLM = ventrolateral medulla)
adrenergic modulation Correct Answers stress, vigilance,
attention, arousal, learning, memory, anxiety
locus coeruleus pons --> cortex, diencephalon, olfactory bulb,
cerebellum, midbrain, SC
central hearing loss Correct Answers damage to cortex or
projections
cannot recognize or interpret sounds
cholinergic modulatory system Correct Answers attention,
sleep-wake, arousal, learning, sensory information
cerebrum, pons, midbrain --> cerebrum, hippocampus, thalamus
cingulate motor area Correct Answers controls the emotional
drive to movement
describe A beta fibers Correct Answers large, myelinated,
70m/s
gating, provide feedback to M1
describe C fibers Correct Answers small, free endings,
unmyelinated, 2m/s
reflex responses, slow pain for healing
,involved in gating
describe the adrenal medullas role in autonomic nervous system
Correct Answers essentially a specialized neuro-endocrine
tissue in sympathetic nervous system
chromaffin cells stimulated to release epinephrine by
sympathetic
Describe the structure of organ of corti Correct Answers sit on
basilar membrane, and under the tectorial membrane
has epithelial receptor cells with stiff stereocilia extended into
tectorial membrane
describe thermoreceptors Correct Answers cold receptors
respond at 30 degrees, warm at 45
above 45 nociception is activated, cold fibers also respond at 45
degrees
describes A delta fibers Correct Answers small, free endings,
myelinated, 30m/s
reflex responses, fast pain
dopaminergic modulation Correct Answers reward center,
motor control
substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area midrabin --> cortex and
limbic system
, explain gating Correct Answers gated by A-beta activity in the
dorsal horn
A-beta fibers inhibit the interneuron to C-fibers to prevent
conduction to the brain by c-fibers
explain how the basilar membrane responds to different
frequencies at different points. Correct Answers membrane is
narrow and stiff at round and oval windows (higher frequency
waves displace)
low frequency waves displace at helicotrema
explain LTP mechanism Correct Answers influxe of calcium
ion activates phosphorylation of membrane proteins to enhance
EPSPs, generate retrograde transmitter that increase vesicle
release, trigger trasncription/translation of postsynpatic receptors
explain sleep atonia Correct Answers large reticulospinal and
corticospinal tract neurons are active in REM, by hyperpolarized
by inhibitory reticulospinal/pons system
explain the auditory projections from cochlear nuclei Correct
Answers cochlear nucleu in medulla --> midbrain --> medial
geniculate nucleus in thalamus --> auditory cortex
explain the baroreflex pathway Correct Answers baroreceptors
--> NTS --> caudal VLM (inhibitory) --> rostral VLM -->
sympathetic activity
(VLM = ventrolateral medulla)
