APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Test
Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct
How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother? - ANSWER -Rh
positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh antigens on the RBC membranes.
Rh negative - lack of these antigens
If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive, her antibodies form to fight
Rh-positive blood cells. If a mother is Rh positive and her baby is Rh positive, her
antibodies attack the baby's RBC. Complications can lead the baby to develop
erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease.
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER -Distribution of
nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electorlytes, heat, immune cells, and
antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base balance
Where is the heart found? - ANSWER -The heart lies in the thoracic cavity. It is
posterior to the sternum, medial to the lungs, anterior to the vertebral column, and
lies just above the diaphragm and beneath the 2nd rib with the apex of the heart at
the 5th intercostal space.
Describe the layers of the heart wall - ANSWER -Epicardium- outer layer;
protects the heart by reducing friction. A serious membrane that consists of
connective tissue covered by epithelium, and it includes capillaries and nerve
fibers.
Myocardium- middle layer; thick and consists largely of the cardiac muscle tissue
that pumps blood out of the heart chambers.
Endocardium- inner layer; epithelium and underlying connective tissue. Forms a
protective inner lining of the chambers and valves.
Describe the pathway of blood into, through, and out of the heart - ANSWER -
Superior/inferior venae cavae
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
,Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Lungs
Blood is oxygenated and returned to heart
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral(bicuspid) valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Body cells
Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system - ANSWER -SA node -
AV node - Bundle of His - Left and right bundle branches - purkinje fibers
Describe an EKG - ANSWER -A recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the
heart that the production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces.
What is occurring within the heart during each part of the EKG? - ANSWER -At
the P wave of the EKG, the atria are depolarizing.
At the QRS complex, the ventricles are depolarizing and the atria are repolarizing.
At the T wave, the ventricles are repolarizing and there is a brief refractory period
between the T wave and the following P wave, which allows the heart a small rest.
Describe what is happening in the heart during atrial systole/ventricular diastole
and atrial diastole/ventricular systole - ANSWER -Atrial systole/ventricular
diastole - atria are contracting and ventricles are relaxed
Atrial diastole/ventricular systole - atria are relaxed and ventricles are contracting
How are the heart sounds made? - ANSWER -The first heart sound "lubb" occurs
during ventricular systole as a result of the A-V valves closing.
The second heart sound "dupp" occurs during ventricular diastole as a result of the
pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing.
What terms are used to describe abnormal heart rhythms? - ANSWER -
Arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, tachycardia, defibrillation, cardiac
, arrest, palpitations, Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), Ventricular tachycardia,
and ventricular fibrillation.
pulmonary circulation - ANSWER -Circulation of blood between the heart and the
lungs, oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide
coronary circulation - ANSWER -circulation of blood through the coronary blood
vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue
systemic circulation - ANSWER -flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and
then from the heart back to body tissues
What factors can influence heart rate and/or blood pressure? - ANSWER -Cardiac
output, blood volume, peripheral resistance, and blood viscosity.
As blood volume, heart rate, stroke volume, blood viscosity, and peripheral
resistance increase, BP increases.
How is cardiac output figured? - ANSWER -Stroke volume multiplied by the heart
rate, expressed in bpm. (For example, if the stroke volume is 70 mL, and the heart
rate is 72 bpm, the cardiac output is 5,040 mL per minute.
Where can pulse be found in the body? - ANSWER -The temple (temporal a.),
neck (carotid a.), chin (facial a.), inner elbow (brachial a.), wrist (radial a.), groin
(femoral a.), back of the knee (popliteal a.), front of the foot (dorsalis pedis a.),
back of the ankle (posterior tibial a.)
At any given moment, where can blood be found in the body? - ANSWER -Veins
major arteries of the body - ANSWER -temporal, carotid, brachial, ulnar, radial,
femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial
major veins of the body - ANSWER -Superior and inferior vena cava, right and
left external and internal jugular and subclavian v, right and left brachiocephalic v,
hepatic v, splenic v, right and left common iliac v, external and internal iliac v,
femoral v, great saphenous v, small saphenous v
Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct
How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother? - ANSWER -Rh
positive - presence of antigen D or other Rh antigens on the RBC membranes.
Rh negative - lack of these antigens
If a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive, her antibodies form to fight
Rh-positive blood cells. If a mother is Rh positive and her baby is Rh positive, her
antibodies attack the baby's RBC. Complications can lead the baby to develop
erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease.
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? - ANSWER -Distribution of
nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electorlytes, heat, immune cells, and
antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base balance
Where is the heart found? - ANSWER -The heart lies in the thoracic cavity. It is
posterior to the sternum, medial to the lungs, anterior to the vertebral column, and
lies just above the diaphragm and beneath the 2nd rib with the apex of the heart at
the 5th intercostal space.
Describe the layers of the heart wall - ANSWER -Epicardium- outer layer;
protects the heart by reducing friction. A serious membrane that consists of
connective tissue covered by epithelium, and it includes capillaries and nerve
fibers.
Myocardium- middle layer; thick and consists largely of the cardiac muscle tissue
that pumps blood out of the heart chambers.
Endocardium- inner layer; epithelium and underlying connective tissue. Forms a
protective inner lining of the chambers and valves.
Describe the pathway of blood into, through, and out of the heart - ANSWER -
Superior/inferior venae cavae
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
,Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Lungs
Blood is oxygenated and returned to heart
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral(bicuspid) valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Body cells
Describe the pathway of the cardiac conduction system - ANSWER -SA node -
AV node - Bundle of His - Left and right bundle branches - purkinje fibers
Describe an EKG - ANSWER -A recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the
heart that the production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces.
What is occurring within the heart during each part of the EKG? - ANSWER -At
the P wave of the EKG, the atria are depolarizing.
At the QRS complex, the ventricles are depolarizing and the atria are repolarizing.
At the T wave, the ventricles are repolarizing and there is a brief refractory period
between the T wave and the following P wave, which allows the heart a small rest.
Describe what is happening in the heart during atrial systole/ventricular diastole
and atrial diastole/ventricular systole - ANSWER -Atrial systole/ventricular
diastole - atria are contracting and ventricles are relaxed
Atrial diastole/ventricular systole - atria are relaxed and ventricles are contracting
How are the heart sounds made? - ANSWER -The first heart sound "lubb" occurs
during ventricular systole as a result of the A-V valves closing.
The second heart sound "dupp" occurs during ventricular diastole as a result of the
pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing.
What terms are used to describe abnormal heart rhythms? - ANSWER -
Arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, tachycardia, defibrillation, cardiac
, arrest, palpitations, Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), Ventricular tachycardia,
and ventricular fibrillation.
pulmonary circulation - ANSWER -Circulation of blood between the heart and the
lungs, oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide
coronary circulation - ANSWER -circulation of blood through the coronary blood
vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue
systemic circulation - ANSWER -flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and
then from the heart back to body tissues
What factors can influence heart rate and/or blood pressure? - ANSWER -Cardiac
output, blood volume, peripheral resistance, and blood viscosity.
As blood volume, heart rate, stroke volume, blood viscosity, and peripheral
resistance increase, BP increases.
How is cardiac output figured? - ANSWER -Stroke volume multiplied by the heart
rate, expressed in bpm. (For example, if the stroke volume is 70 mL, and the heart
rate is 72 bpm, the cardiac output is 5,040 mL per minute.
Where can pulse be found in the body? - ANSWER -The temple (temporal a.),
neck (carotid a.), chin (facial a.), inner elbow (brachial a.), wrist (radial a.), groin
(femoral a.), back of the knee (popliteal a.), front of the foot (dorsalis pedis a.),
back of the ankle (posterior tibial a.)
At any given moment, where can blood be found in the body? - ANSWER -Veins
major arteries of the body - ANSWER -temporal, carotid, brachial, ulnar, radial,
femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial
major veins of the body - ANSWER -Superior and inferior vena cava, right and
left external and internal jugular and subclavian v, right and left brachiocephalic v,
hepatic v, splenic v, right and left common iliac v, external and internal iliac v,
femoral v, great saphenous v, small saphenous v
