NU110 EXAM 4: NU110 – INTEGRATED
HUMAN SCIENCES (LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027) WITH CORRECT /ACCURATE
ANSWERS
AT GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
INTEGRATED HUMAN SCIENCES
Each question includes:
4 multiple-choice options
Correct answer
Deep rationale
1. A cholinergic fiber within the autonomic nervous
system releases which neurotransmitter?
A. Epinephrine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Dopamine
✅ Correct Answer: B. Acetylcholine
Rationale:
Cholinergic means acetylcholine-releasing. In the autonomic nervous system (ANS), cholinergic fibers
include all preganglionic neurons (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and all parasympathetic
postganglionic neurons. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons are mostly adrenergic, meaning they release
norepinephrine—not acetylcholine.
,2. What term describes the hopping of the action
potential along the axon from one node of Ranvier
to the next?
A. Myelination
B. Depolarization
C. Saltatory conduction
D. Repolarization
✅ Correct Answer: C. Saltatory conduction
Rationale:
Saltatory conduction is the rapid transmission of nerve impulses in myelinated neurons. The impulse
“jumps” between nodes of Ranvier, increasing speed dramatically. Myelination itself is the wrapping of
axons, not the jumping mechanism.
3. The temporal lobe:
A. Is a brain stem structure
B. Is a cerebellar structure
C. Contains the primary auditory cortex
D. Is a large mass of white matter that joins the hemispheres
✅ Correct Answer: C. Contains the primary auditory cortex
Rationale:
The temporal lobe houses the primary auditory cortex, responsible for sound processing and language
comprehension. The brainstem and cerebellum are separate structures, and the corpus callosum (not the
temporal lobe) is the white-matter bridge between hemispheres.
4. Injury to the occipital lobe is most likely to
cause:
A. Hearing loss
B. Paralysis
C. Loss of vision
D. Disturbances in gait
,✅ Correct Answer: C. Loss of vision
Rationale:
The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex. Damage leads to visual deficits ranging from partial to
total blindness. Hearing is temporal lobe; paralysis relates to frontal motor cortex; gait problems involve
cerebellum.
5. The tenth cranial nerve, the ____ nerve,
“wanders” outside the head and innervates the
heart and GI system.
A. Trigeminal
B. Vagus
C. Olfactory
D. Spinal accessory
✅ Correct Answer: B. Vagus
Rationale:
The vagus nerve (CN X) is the “wanderer,” extending from the brainstem to thoracic and abdominal organs.
It heavily influences heart rate, digestion, and parasympathetic function.
6. The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves:
A. Innervate the extrinsic eye muscles
B. Innervate the levator palpebrae superioris only
C. Interpret sensory information from the optic nerve
D. Innervate the muscles of mastication
✅ Correct Answer: A. Innervate the extrinsic eye muscles
Rationale:
CN III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens) control extraocular muscle movement. The optic
nerve is sensory only, and mastication is controlled by the trigeminal nerve.
, 7. An area of skin innervated by a spinal nerve is
called a:
A. Plexus
B. Tract
C. Dermatome
D. Fissure
✅ Correct Answer: C. Dermatome
Rationale:
A dermatome is a specific skin region supplied by a single spinal nerve. Plexuses are nerve networks, tracts
are CNS pathways, and fissures are brain grooves.
8. Which part of the neuron receives incoming
signals from other neurons?
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
C. Myelin sheath
D. Nodes of Ranvier
✅ Correct Answer: B. Dendrites
Rationale:
Dendrites are branched neuronal extensions specialized for receiving synaptic input. Axons send impulses,
myelin increases conduction speed, and nodes of Ranvier facilitate saltatory conduction.
9. Which glial cell forms the myelin sheath in the
central nervous system (CNS)?
A. Schwann cell
B. Astrocyte
C. Oligodendrocyte
D. Microglia
✅ Correct Answer: C. Oligodendrocyte
HUMAN SCIENCES (LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027) WITH CORRECT /ACCURATE
ANSWERS
AT GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
INTEGRATED HUMAN SCIENCES
Each question includes:
4 multiple-choice options
Correct answer
Deep rationale
1. A cholinergic fiber within the autonomic nervous
system releases which neurotransmitter?
A. Epinephrine
B. Acetylcholine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Dopamine
✅ Correct Answer: B. Acetylcholine
Rationale:
Cholinergic means acetylcholine-releasing. In the autonomic nervous system (ANS), cholinergic fibers
include all preganglionic neurons (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and all parasympathetic
postganglionic neurons. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons are mostly adrenergic, meaning they release
norepinephrine—not acetylcholine.
,2. What term describes the hopping of the action
potential along the axon from one node of Ranvier
to the next?
A. Myelination
B. Depolarization
C. Saltatory conduction
D. Repolarization
✅ Correct Answer: C. Saltatory conduction
Rationale:
Saltatory conduction is the rapid transmission of nerve impulses in myelinated neurons. The impulse
“jumps” between nodes of Ranvier, increasing speed dramatically. Myelination itself is the wrapping of
axons, not the jumping mechanism.
3. The temporal lobe:
A. Is a brain stem structure
B. Is a cerebellar structure
C. Contains the primary auditory cortex
D. Is a large mass of white matter that joins the hemispheres
✅ Correct Answer: C. Contains the primary auditory cortex
Rationale:
The temporal lobe houses the primary auditory cortex, responsible for sound processing and language
comprehension. The brainstem and cerebellum are separate structures, and the corpus callosum (not the
temporal lobe) is the white-matter bridge between hemispheres.
4. Injury to the occipital lobe is most likely to
cause:
A. Hearing loss
B. Paralysis
C. Loss of vision
D. Disturbances in gait
,✅ Correct Answer: C. Loss of vision
Rationale:
The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex. Damage leads to visual deficits ranging from partial to
total blindness. Hearing is temporal lobe; paralysis relates to frontal motor cortex; gait problems involve
cerebellum.
5. The tenth cranial nerve, the ____ nerve,
“wanders” outside the head and innervates the
heart and GI system.
A. Trigeminal
B. Vagus
C. Olfactory
D. Spinal accessory
✅ Correct Answer: B. Vagus
Rationale:
The vagus nerve (CN X) is the “wanderer,” extending from the brainstem to thoracic and abdominal organs.
It heavily influences heart rate, digestion, and parasympathetic function.
6. The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves:
A. Innervate the extrinsic eye muscles
B. Innervate the levator palpebrae superioris only
C. Interpret sensory information from the optic nerve
D. Innervate the muscles of mastication
✅ Correct Answer: A. Innervate the extrinsic eye muscles
Rationale:
CN III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens) control extraocular muscle movement. The optic
nerve is sensory only, and mastication is controlled by the trigeminal nerve.
, 7. An area of skin innervated by a spinal nerve is
called a:
A. Plexus
B. Tract
C. Dermatome
D. Fissure
✅ Correct Answer: C. Dermatome
Rationale:
A dermatome is a specific skin region supplied by a single spinal nerve. Plexuses are nerve networks, tracts
are CNS pathways, and fissures are brain grooves.
8. Which part of the neuron receives incoming
signals from other neurons?
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
C. Myelin sheath
D. Nodes of Ranvier
✅ Correct Answer: B. Dendrites
Rationale:
Dendrites are branched neuronal extensions specialized for receiving synaptic input. Axons send impulses,
myelin increases conduction speed, and nodes of Ranvier facilitate saltatory conduction.
9. Which glial cell forms the myelin sheath in the
central nervous system (CNS)?
A. Schwann cell
B. Astrocyte
C. Oligodendrocyte
D. Microglia
✅ Correct Answer: C. Oligodendrocyte
