Ch 5. Epidemiology Questions
with Accurate Answers
A client has developed pellagra because of a lack of certain B vitamins. Which of
the following best describes the classification of the nutritional deficiency?
a.
Relative risk factor
b.
Agent factor
c.
Environment factor
d.
Host factor correct answer B. Agent factor
Nutritional deficiencies are included under agent factors. Although too much of
an agent can cause disease (such as obesity related to diabetes), so can too little
of an agent. Relative risk indicates the extent of excess risk incurred by exposure
relative to nonexposure. Host factors are intrinsic factors and describe one's
susceptibility or response influence to the exposure to the agent, such as
genetics, age, sex, ethnicity, and human behavior. Environment factors are
extrinsic factors and they influence the existence of the agent, exposure, or
susceptibility to the agent such as physical environment, biological environment,
and socioeconomic environment.
A community health nurse determined exactly how many cases of a particular
disease were currently occurring in the community. Which of the following
,actions should the nurse take before determining what interventions should be
planned?
a.
Analyze whether the disease was a priority to the nurse's agency
b.
Compare the current rate with the previous rate of disease
c.
Determine what resources are available to intervene
d.
Share the findings with the public health agency leadership correct answer B.
Compare the current rate with the previous rate of disease
No conclusions can really be drawn from just knowing a number. Only by
converting that count to a rate and then comparing the rate with the previous
rate, or with the rate in the broader environment or a similar community nearby,
can any conclusions be drawn as to whether there is a problem or intervention
needed. Once the rate has been calculated, the nurse will be able to share the
findings with leadership, determine the resources available to intervene if
necessary, and determine if the disease is a priority.
A newspaper published an article stating that the athletic banquet at the local
high school had approximately 1000 family members in attendance. Exactly 650
persons became ill within 24 hours, complaining of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and
cramping. Which of the following best describes the attack rate?
a.
650 persons
, b.
1000 persons
c.
650:1000
d.
6.5% correct answer C. 650:1000
Rates are calculated by the number of people with the problem over the number
exposed to the problem. In this case, 650 persons out of the 1000 at the banquet
complained of illness. Although this rate could be presented as an attack rate of
65%, 6.5% is incorrect.
A nurse conducted a study of two skin lotions: (1) an inexpensive one and (2) an
expensive one. The nurse found that there was a relative risk of 0.7 for skin sores
using the inexpensive one and a relative risk of 1.2 using the expensive one.
Which skin lotion should the nurse use?
a.
Impossible to tell from the data given
b.
It made no difference which lotion was used
c.
The expensive lotion
d.
The inexpensive lotion correct answer D. The inexpensive lotion.
with Accurate Answers
A client has developed pellagra because of a lack of certain B vitamins. Which of
the following best describes the classification of the nutritional deficiency?
a.
Relative risk factor
b.
Agent factor
c.
Environment factor
d.
Host factor correct answer B. Agent factor
Nutritional deficiencies are included under agent factors. Although too much of
an agent can cause disease (such as obesity related to diabetes), so can too little
of an agent. Relative risk indicates the extent of excess risk incurred by exposure
relative to nonexposure. Host factors are intrinsic factors and describe one's
susceptibility or response influence to the exposure to the agent, such as
genetics, age, sex, ethnicity, and human behavior. Environment factors are
extrinsic factors and they influence the existence of the agent, exposure, or
susceptibility to the agent such as physical environment, biological environment,
and socioeconomic environment.
A community health nurse determined exactly how many cases of a particular
disease were currently occurring in the community. Which of the following
,actions should the nurse take before determining what interventions should be
planned?
a.
Analyze whether the disease was a priority to the nurse's agency
b.
Compare the current rate with the previous rate of disease
c.
Determine what resources are available to intervene
d.
Share the findings with the public health agency leadership correct answer B.
Compare the current rate with the previous rate of disease
No conclusions can really be drawn from just knowing a number. Only by
converting that count to a rate and then comparing the rate with the previous
rate, or with the rate in the broader environment or a similar community nearby,
can any conclusions be drawn as to whether there is a problem or intervention
needed. Once the rate has been calculated, the nurse will be able to share the
findings with leadership, determine the resources available to intervene if
necessary, and determine if the disease is a priority.
A newspaper published an article stating that the athletic banquet at the local
high school had approximately 1000 family members in attendance. Exactly 650
persons became ill within 24 hours, complaining of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and
cramping. Which of the following best describes the attack rate?
a.
650 persons
, b.
1000 persons
c.
650:1000
d.
6.5% correct answer C. 650:1000
Rates are calculated by the number of people with the problem over the number
exposed to the problem. In this case, 650 persons out of the 1000 at the banquet
complained of illness. Although this rate could be presented as an attack rate of
65%, 6.5% is incorrect.
A nurse conducted a study of two skin lotions: (1) an inexpensive one and (2) an
expensive one. The nurse found that there was a relative risk of 0.7 for skin sores
using the inexpensive one and a relative risk of 1.2 using the expensive one.
Which skin lotion should the nurse use?
a.
Impossible to tell from the data given
b.
It made no difference which lotion was used
c.
The expensive lotion
d.
The inexpensive lotion correct answer D. The inexpensive lotion.
