NYSTCE Multi-Subject (Birth-2):
English Language Arts
Semantics - ANS--The meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence
structure
-Study within linguistics dealing with language and how we understand meaning
Nuance - ANS-Subtle differences in meaning or shades of meaning we associate with
words
Consonant blend - ANS-Two consonants, such as the letters 'b' and 'l' put together to
create one sound, or phoneme
Phonics - ANS-Teaching method used to help people learn to read and pronounce
words by recognizing the sounds that letters and letter groups make
Morpheme - ANS-Smallest unit of grammar
Syntax - ANS--Arrangement of words and sentences to create meaning
Prefix - ANS-A morpheme that precedes a base morpheme
Base Morpheme - ANS-Morpheme that gives a word its essential meaning
Free Morpeheme - ANS-Morpheme that can functional as a stand-alone word.
Bound Morpheme - ANS-Exclusively attached to a free morpheme for meaning.
Prefixes and suffixes are the most common examples
Derivational Morphemes - ANS--Can be either a suffix or a prefix, and they have the
ability to transform either the function or the meaning of a word
-Example: adding the suffix -less to the noun meaning
Decoding (Phonics) - ANS--Process of reading words in text
-Understand what the letters are, the sounds made by each letter and how they blend
together to create words
Activities for Writing Letters - ANS--Students should have extensive practice writing
letters with their fingers, whiteboard, etc.
Activities for Identifying Letters - ANS--Students should identify the letters in isolation, in
words, and in sentences
, -Can include games like letter basketball or letter bingo to review old letters
Learning Letter Sounds - ANS--Students are taught letter-sound correspondences and
required to repeat after the teacher
-Can include games like a letter sound hunt (teacher gives sound and students have to
find items in the room that match the sound
Cues - ANS-Clues that help a student figure out what a word means
Graphic Cues - ANS--Visual clues
-Look at the letters that make it up
-Phonics, root words, syllables, punctuation, etc.
Syntactic Cues - ANS--Involves using structural clues to figure a word out
-Usually focused on evaluating the sentence structure
Semantic Cues - ANS--Using meaning to figure out an unfamiliar word
Incremental Rehearsal - ANS--Flashcard system for learning sight words
-Student is first shown a new sight word, followed by a known sight word
-A new known sight word is added to the end of the sequence after each repetition,
meaning that the new sight word is repeated with each new card addition
-One the sight word is known, it can move into the "2" spot as a new word is introduced
Strategic Incremental Rehearsal - ANS--Same as incremental rehearsal, but all words
are unknown
Word Chants - ANS--Students repeat a series of sight words multiple times in a song-
like format
Copy, Cover, Compare Strategy - ANS--Student is shown a new sight word and asked
to copy or trace it
-After the word is covered, students are asked to write it from memory
Dolch Sight Words - ANS--List of around 120 crucial sight words that make up the
majority of children's literature
Importance ofTeaching Dolch Sight Words for Preschool - ANS--Allows them to
memorize words and improve literacy
-Lets students focus on harder words and comprehension
-Consists of about 40 words for preschoolers
Encoding (Phonics) - ANS--Process of using letter/sound knowledge to write
-Necessary to recall sounds and the symbols assigned to letters to write them together
to form words.
English Language Arts
Semantics - ANS--The meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence
structure
-Study within linguistics dealing with language and how we understand meaning
Nuance - ANS-Subtle differences in meaning or shades of meaning we associate with
words
Consonant blend - ANS-Two consonants, such as the letters 'b' and 'l' put together to
create one sound, or phoneme
Phonics - ANS-Teaching method used to help people learn to read and pronounce
words by recognizing the sounds that letters and letter groups make
Morpheme - ANS-Smallest unit of grammar
Syntax - ANS--Arrangement of words and sentences to create meaning
Prefix - ANS-A morpheme that precedes a base morpheme
Base Morpheme - ANS-Morpheme that gives a word its essential meaning
Free Morpeheme - ANS-Morpheme that can functional as a stand-alone word.
Bound Morpheme - ANS-Exclusively attached to a free morpheme for meaning.
Prefixes and suffixes are the most common examples
Derivational Morphemes - ANS--Can be either a suffix or a prefix, and they have the
ability to transform either the function or the meaning of a word
-Example: adding the suffix -less to the noun meaning
Decoding (Phonics) - ANS--Process of reading words in text
-Understand what the letters are, the sounds made by each letter and how they blend
together to create words
Activities for Writing Letters - ANS--Students should have extensive practice writing
letters with their fingers, whiteboard, etc.
Activities for Identifying Letters - ANS--Students should identify the letters in isolation, in
words, and in sentences
, -Can include games like letter basketball or letter bingo to review old letters
Learning Letter Sounds - ANS--Students are taught letter-sound correspondences and
required to repeat after the teacher
-Can include games like a letter sound hunt (teacher gives sound and students have to
find items in the room that match the sound
Cues - ANS-Clues that help a student figure out what a word means
Graphic Cues - ANS--Visual clues
-Look at the letters that make it up
-Phonics, root words, syllables, punctuation, etc.
Syntactic Cues - ANS--Involves using structural clues to figure a word out
-Usually focused on evaluating the sentence structure
Semantic Cues - ANS--Using meaning to figure out an unfamiliar word
Incremental Rehearsal - ANS--Flashcard system for learning sight words
-Student is first shown a new sight word, followed by a known sight word
-A new known sight word is added to the end of the sequence after each repetition,
meaning that the new sight word is repeated with each new card addition
-One the sight word is known, it can move into the "2" spot as a new word is introduced
Strategic Incremental Rehearsal - ANS--Same as incremental rehearsal, but all words
are unknown
Word Chants - ANS--Students repeat a series of sight words multiple times in a song-
like format
Copy, Cover, Compare Strategy - ANS--Student is shown a new sight word and asked
to copy or trace it
-After the word is covered, students are asked to write it from memory
Dolch Sight Words - ANS--List of around 120 crucial sight words that make up the
majority of children's literature
Importance ofTeaching Dolch Sight Words for Preschool - ANS--Allows them to
memorize words and improve literacy
-Lets students focus on harder words and comprehension
-Consists of about 40 words for preschoolers
Encoding (Phonics) - ANS--Process of using letter/sound knowledge to write
-Necessary to recall sounds and the symbols assigned to letters to write them together
to form words.
