BIOLOGY 1407 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
CH 19 – 26 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
EVOLUTION - Correct Answers -descent with modification
ARISTOTLE - Correct Answers -viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a scale
naturae; believed in the Old Testament and species were individually designed by God
CAROLUS LINNAEUS - Correct Answers -founder of taxonomy; developed the binomial
format naming system
FOSSILS - Correct Answers -remains or traces of organisms from the past
STRATA - Correct Answers -layers of sedimentary rock
PALEONTOLOGY - Correct Answers -study of fossils
JAMES HUTTON AND CHARLES LYELL - Correct Answers -perceived changes in
Earth's surface can result from slow, continuous actions
LAMARCK - Correct Answers -hypothesized that species evolve through use and
disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
CHARLES DARWIN - Correct Answers -wrote The Origin of Species
NATURAL SELECTION - Correct Answers -process in which individuals with favorable
inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION - Correct Answers -selecting and breeding individuals with
desired traits
DARWIN'S THREE OBSERVATIONS - Correct Answers -1) unity of life
2) diversity of life
3) match between organism and environment
DARWIN'S TWO INFERENCES - Correct Answers -1) individuals whose inherited traits
give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend
to leave more offspring than other individuals
, 2) the unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the
accumulation of favorable traits in the population over generations
TYPES OF DATA THAT DOCUMENT PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION - Correct Answers
-1) direct observations
2) homology
3) fossil record
4) biogeography
HOMOLOGY - Correct Answers -similarity resulting from common ancestry
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES - Correct Answers -anatomical resemblances that
represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor
VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES - Correct Answers -remnants of features that served
important functions in the organism's ancestors
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION - Correct Answers -evolution of similar, or analogous
features in distantly related groups
EVIDENCE THAT FOSSIL RECORDS PROVIDE - Correct Answers -1) extinction of
species
2) origin of new groups
3) changes within groups over time
BIOGEOGRAPHY - Correct Answers -geographic distribution of species
PANGAEA - Correct Answers -Earth's former supercontinent
ENDEMIC SPECIES - Correct Answers -species that are not found anywhere else in
the world
PHYLOGENY - Correct Answers -evolutionary history of species
SYSTEMATICS - Correct Answers -classifies organisms and determines their
evolutionary relationships
TAXONOMY - Correct Answers -ordered division and naming of organisms
BINOMIAL - Correct Answers -two-part scientific name
GENUS - Correct Answers -first part of binomial
EPITHET - Correct Answers -second part of binomial
CH 19 – 26 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
EVOLUTION - Correct Answers -descent with modification
ARISTOTLE - Correct Answers -viewed species as fixed and arranged them on a scale
naturae; believed in the Old Testament and species were individually designed by God
CAROLUS LINNAEUS - Correct Answers -founder of taxonomy; developed the binomial
format naming system
FOSSILS - Correct Answers -remains or traces of organisms from the past
STRATA - Correct Answers -layers of sedimentary rock
PALEONTOLOGY - Correct Answers -study of fossils
JAMES HUTTON AND CHARLES LYELL - Correct Answers -perceived changes in
Earth's surface can result from slow, continuous actions
LAMARCK - Correct Answers -hypothesized that species evolve through use and
disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
CHARLES DARWIN - Correct Answers -wrote The Origin of Species
NATURAL SELECTION - Correct Answers -process in which individuals with favorable
inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION - Correct Answers -selecting and breeding individuals with
desired traits
DARWIN'S THREE OBSERVATIONS - Correct Answers -1) unity of life
2) diversity of life
3) match between organism and environment
DARWIN'S TWO INFERENCES - Correct Answers -1) individuals whose inherited traits
give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend
to leave more offspring than other individuals
, 2) the unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the
accumulation of favorable traits in the population over generations
TYPES OF DATA THAT DOCUMENT PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION - Correct Answers
-1) direct observations
2) homology
3) fossil record
4) biogeography
HOMOLOGY - Correct Answers -similarity resulting from common ancestry
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES - Correct Answers -anatomical resemblances that
represent variations on a structural theme present in a common ancestor
VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES - Correct Answers -remnants of features that served
important functions in the organism's ancestors
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION - Correct Answers -evolution of similar, or analogous
features in distantly related groups
EVIDENCE THAT FOSSIL RECORDS PROVIDE - Correct Answers -1) extinction of
species
2) origin of new groups
3) changes within groups over time
BIOGEOGRAPHY - Correct Answers -geographic distribution of species
PANGAEA - Correct Answers -Earth's former supercontinent
ENDEMIC SPECIES - Correct Answers -species that are not found anywhere else in
the world
PHYLOGENY - Correct Answers -evolutionary history of species
SYSTEMATICS - Correct Answers -classifies organisms and determines their
evolutionary relationships
TAXONOMY - Correct Answers -ordered division and naming of organisms
BINOMIAL - Correct Answers -two-part scientific name
GENUS - Correct Answers -first part of binomial
EPITHET - Correct Answers -second part of binomial
