BIOD 152 MODULE 7 PROBLEM SET EXAM
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Define hypotonic solution Answer: the solution contains LESS
solute than solution. Water will flow into the cell to dilute it, causing
the cell to "explOde"
◉ a. explain how facilitated diffusion is the same as active transport
and
b. how it is different in regard to the concentration gradient, cell
membrane proteins and energy. Answer: a. facilitated diffusion and
active transport both utilize carrier and channel proteins to move
molecules across the gradient
b. The key difference between active transport and facilitated
diffusion is that the active transport occurs against the
concentration gradient hence, utilizes energy to transport molecules
across the membrane while the facilitated diffusion occurs along the
concentration gradient hence, does not utilize energy to transport
molecules across the membrane.
◉ Explain and then name the 3 types of endocytosis Answer: a
process performed by cells in order to bring substances from
outside the cell into the cell. In this process, the cell membrane
surrounds the item to be internalized and buds off inside the cell.
,This formed vesicle will then transport the material to the relevant
location inside the cell.
1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME)
◉ Explain phagocytosis Answer: "eating" large macromolecules:
1. Phagocytes use pattern recognition receptors (PRR) called Toll
Like Receptors (TLR), which are membrane-bound phagocytic
proteins that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns
(PAMPS)
2. The interaction of TLR/PRR and PAMPS activates certain genes in
phagocytes and enhances their phagocytic/pathogen-killing abilities
3. Phagocytic cells engulf the pathogen and forms a phagolysosome
vesicle, which releases toxic chemicals to destroy the pathogen
(phagocytes use toxic oxygen to oxidize key cellular constituents of a
pathogen)
◉ Explain pinocytosis Answer: cells "drink" liquid droplets through
adsorption by the cell membrane
◉ Explain receptor-mediated endocytosis Answer: a selective source
of endocytosis, where receptors on a cell's surface bind to the
specific molecule they are intended for. Once bound, endocytosis will
occur.
,◉ What are the 7 characteristics of life? Answer: 1. Order
2. Regulation
3. Energy Processing
4. Evolutionary Adaptation
5. Response to the Environment
6. Reproduction
7. Growth and Development
◉ Identify each example as one of the seven characteristics of life:
1. Increase in urine output to lower blood volume and in turn lower
blood pressure
2. A caterpillar changing into an adult butterfly
3. Reflexive action of pulling hand back from hot stove
4. Bacterial cells organized into chains
5. Yeast using anaerobic means to generate ATP Answer: 1.
Regulation/homeostasis
2. Growth and Development
3. Response to stimuli
4. Order
5. Energy Processing
, ◉ What are the levels of taxonomic heirarchy? Answer: Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
◉ What are the levels of biological organization? Answer: biosphere,
ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms,
organ systems,
organs,
tissues,
cells,
atoms and molecules
◉ Define biosphere Answer: broadest level encompassing planet
earth and atmosphere
◉ Define ecosystem Answer: system of living and non-living things
in a region
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ Define hypotonic solution Answer: the solution contains LESS
solute than solution. Water will flow into the cell to dilute it, causing
the cell to "explOde"
◉ a. explain how facilitated diffusion is the same as active transport
and
b. how it is different in regard to the concentration gradient, cell
membrane proteins and energy. Answer: a. facilitated diffusion and
active transport both utilize carrier and channel proteins to move
molecules across the gradient
b. The key difference between active transport and facilitated
diffusion is that the active transport occurs against the
concentration gradient hence, utilizes energy to transport molecules
across the membrane while the facilitated diffusion occurs along the
concentration gradient hence, does not utilize energy to transport
molecules across the membrane.
◉ Explain and then name the 3 types of endocytosis Answer: a
process performed by cells in order to bring substances from
outside the cell into the cell. In this process, the cell membrane
surrounds the item to be internalized and buds off inside the cell.
,This formed vesicle will then transport the material to the relevant
location inside the cell.
1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME)
◉ Explain phagocytosis Answer: "eating" large macromolecules:
1. Phagocytes use pattern recognition receptors (PRR) called Toll
Like Receptors (TLR), which are membrane-bound phagocytic
proteins that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns
(PAMPS)
2. The interaction of TLR/PRR and PAMPS activates certain genes in
phagocytes and enhances their phagocytic/pathogen-killing abilities
3. Phagocytic cells engulf the pathogen and forms a phagolysosome
vesicle, which releases toxic chemicals to destroy the pathogen
(phagocytes use toxic oxygen to oxidize key cellular constituents of a
pathogen)
◉ Explain pinocytosis Answer: cells "drink" liquid droplets through
adsorption by the cell membrane
◉ Explain receptor-mediated endocytosis Answer: a selective source
of endocytosis, where receptors on a cell's surface bind to the
specific molecule they are intended for. Once bound, endocytosis will
occur.
,◉ What are the 7 characteristics of life? Answer: 1. Order
2. Regulation
3. Energy Processing
4. Evolutionary Adaptation
5. Response to the Environment
6. Reproduction
7. Growth and Development
◉ Identify each example as one of the seven characteristics of life:
1. Increase in urine output to lower blood volume and in turn lower
blood pressure
2. A caterpillar changing into an adult butterfly
3. Reflexive action of pulling hand back from hot stove
4. Bacterial cells organized into chains
5. Yeast using anaerobic means to generate ATP Answer: 1.
Regulation/homeostasis
2. Growth and Development
3. Response to stimuli
4. Order
5. Energy Processing
, ◉ What are the levels of taxonomic heirarchy? Answer: Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
◉ What are the levels of biological organization? Answer: biosphere,
ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms,
organ systems,
organs,
tissues,
cells,
atoms and molecules
◉ Define biosphere Answer: broadest level encompassing planet
earth and atmosphere
◉ Define ecosystem Answer: system of living and non-living things
in a region
