2026 EXAM Q&A STUDY GUIDE
◉ Cervical Cancer. Answer: Caused by high-risk HPV strains. Risk
increases with early sexual activity and multiple partners.
◉ Breast Cancer. Answer: Common in women over 40, especially
with BRCA1/2 mutations.
◉ Transgender Client Care. Answer: Use patient-preferred
names/pronouns. Preventive screenings are based on organs (e.g.,
prostate if present). Hormone Therapy Risks: Monitor for
thromboembolism (estrogen), liver enzymes. Culturally competent
care includes inclusive forms and signage.
◉ Prostate Cancer. Answer: Often slow-growing; may have no
symptoms early.
◉ Testicular Cancer. Answer: Most common cancer in males 15-35.
Monthly TSE (testicular self-exam) after shower when scrotum is
relaxed. Painless lump or heaviness = priority assessment.
◉ BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia). Answer: Enlarged prostate
causes bladder outlet obstruction.
, ◉ Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Answer: Progressive decline in
GFR over months to years.
◉ Urinary Incontinence stress. Answer: Leaks with laughing,
sneezing.
◉ Tonsillectomy. Answer: Watch for frequent swallowing—may
indicate hemorrhage. Risk highest in first 24 hrs and 5-10 days post-
op.
◉ Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Answer: Caused by airway
collapse during sleep.
◉ Laryngectomy. Answer: Total: Permanent stoma, no airflow
through nose. Communication: Whiteboard, electrolarynx, speech
rehab.
◉ Pleurisy. Answer: Inflammation of pleura causing sharp pain with
inspiration.
◉ Assessment of Pleurisy. Answer: Friction rub on auscultation.