2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
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What are the 4 spheres of the Earth?
- Lithosphere
- Hydrosphere
- Atmosphere
- Biosphere
What is the solid portion of the globe?
Lithosphere
What is the water portion of the globe?
Hydrosphere
What is the gases that surround the globe?
Atmosphere
What are the living organisms that occupy the globe?
Biosphere
A method for producing new knowledge
Scientific method
A body of existing knowledge
Theory
A provisional explanation
Hypothesis
A set of objects and their attributes that are linked together by a flow of matter and
energy
System
,Matter and energy can leave the system
Open system
The system is self-contained; matter and energy are preserved
Closed system
Whatever is inputted in to the system will either be used as storage or will be
outputted
Budgets
Inputs are larger than outputs and storage increases
Positive budget
Outputs are larger than inputs and storage decreases
Negative budget
Inputs are equal to outputs and storage is constant
Balanced budget (equilibrium)
A fixed balance that is rarely changing
Static equilibrium
A balance that is constantly changing
Dynamic equilibrium
System response to a change in conditions or inputs that acts to influence that initial
change
Feedbacks
System responses that result in positive increases
Positive feedbacks
System responses that act to reduce environmental conditions and helps the system
maintain and preserve itself
Negative feedbacks
Parallels that use the equator as reference
, Latitude
Meridians that use Greenwich as a reference
Longitude
The innermost portion of the earth
Core
The part of the earth that is very hot, under a lot of pressure, and contains solid iron
Inner core
The part of the earth that is hot, liquid iron
Outer core
The middle portion of the earth
Mantle
The plastic layer of the mantle
Asthenosphere
The rigid layer of the mantle
Uppermost mantle
The outermost portion of the earth
Crust
The mantle and crust makes up the ________
Lithosphere
A type of rock formed from cooling magma and is broken down by weathering
processes
Igneous rock
A type of rock formed by lithification and sediments
Sedimentary rock
A rock that is formed by a molecular change due to intense heat and pressure
Metamorphic rock