NUR 438 FINAL EXAM NURSING COURSE REVIEW // A+
GRADED PRESENTATION // COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
POPULATION CARE PUBLIC HEALTH STRATEGIES AND
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE FOR STUDENT SUCCESS //
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026
neuroendocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER-interrelationship between
the endocrine and autonomic nervous system
pediatric endocrine: lack of homeostatic control - CORRECT ANSWER--
vulnerable to fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- affects glucose and amino acid metabolism
pediatric endocrine: immature feedback loop between ACTH and adrenal
cortex - CORRECT ANSWER-less tolerance for stress and increased risk
for acute insufficiency with cardiovascular collapse
testing for endocrine function - CORRECT ANSWER-- family history
- child health: previous hx and presenting symptoms
- endocrine testing: water deprivation test (diabetes insipidus),
glucose/ketones (DM), cortisol (acute adrenal insufficiency)
- MRI for tumor
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER-Posterior
pituitary hypofunction →under secretion of ADH → body cannot balance
fluid levels as they are lost in urine.
,Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus s/sx - CORRECT ANSWER-
Cardinal: Polyuria/polydipsia (early) →dehydration/ electrolyte imbalance,
with irritability in infants.
This condition is entirely unrelated to diabetes mellitus confusion arises
from the polydipsia and polyuria (common to both)
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus lab values - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hypernatremia (Na > 145 mEq/L) (water lost > salt loss) and high serum
osmolality are 2 key tests
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus diagnostic and medical
management - CORRECT ANSWER-+ Water deprivation test (water
restrictions do not decrease urine output)
Long term hormone replacement using DDVAP (route oral, intranasal, or
parental) BID
Fluid replacement may be needed to correct dehydration
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus priority nursing dx - CORRECT
ANSWER-Fluid volume deficit/electrolyte imbalance
provide fluids, monitor weight, I/O, s/sx of dehydration, labs, and teach
about disease.
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus quality outcomes - CORRECT
ANSWER-Early recognition of signs and symptoms of DI
Differentiation of DI from other causes of polyuria and polydipsia (i.e.,
diabetes mellitus)
Effective hormone replacement
DI vs SIADH - CORRECT ANSWER-DI: high and dry
,SIADH: soaked inside
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - CORRECT
ANSWER-Posterior pituitary →Over production/secretion of antidiuretic
hormone → kidney reabsorbs more water increases circulating volume.
SIADH s/sx - CORRECT ANSWER-Low urine output (retention of free
water), anorexia, vomiting, irritability, progressive signs of stupor and
seizures (most are signs due to cerebral edema associate with Na < 120
mEq/L)
SIADH lab values - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyponatremia ( < 135 mEq/L)
(dilution effect) and low serum osmolality are two key tests. BUN is normal
to low
SIADH diagnostic and medical management - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid
Restriction immediately
May require oral sodium replacement or hypertonic saline infusion (w/
severe hyponatremia)
Consider diuretics
Seizure precautions
SIADH Priority Nursing Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid volume
excess/electrolyte imbalance
monitor weight, I/O, s/sx of hypervolemia, neuro status, labs, and teach
about disease.
HbA1C range from 6.5% to 8%
DKA prevented
, NCP: endocrine dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER-- risk for fluid volume
deficit/excess with electrolyte imbalance
- decreased cardiac output
- body image
- risk for injury
- knowledge deficit
pediatric cancer locations - CORRECT ANSWER-- occur in deep body
tissue so that it is not visible or palpable until large
- cancer is not diagnosed until it is more advanced
- tumors are fast growing in healthy children so they can become sick in a
matter of weeks
pediatric cancer type - CORRECT ANSWER-cancers are non epithelial or
embryonic in origin = more aggressive
immune function of pediatric cancer patients - CORRECT ANSWER-- due
to the immature functioning of the immune system as the body's major
defense
the young child's body fails to attack the cancer cells
- higher rate of cellular growth = rapid progression of cancer
head and neck cancer in peds - CORRECT ANSWER-hormones - as the
result of gland dysfunction. follow up needed and if found will require
replacement therapy
CNS - necrosis and demyelination of white matter. This leads to
sleepiness, lethargy and seizures. Damage to grey matter can lead to
learning disabilities and chronic HA
GRADED PRESENTATION // COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
POPULATION CARE PUBLIC HEALTH STRATEGIES AND
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE FOR STUDENT SUCCESS //
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025/2026
neuroendocrine system - CORRECT ANSWER-interrelationship between
the endocrine and autonomic nervous system
pediatric endocrine: lack of homeostatic control - CORRECT ANSWER--
vulnerable to fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- affects glucose and amino acid metabolism
pediatric endocrine: immature feedback loop between ACTH and adrenal
cortex - CORRECT ANSWER-less tolerance for stress and increased risk
for acute insufficiency with cardiovascular collapse
testing for endocrine function - CORRECT ANSWER-- family history
- child health: previous hx and presenting symptoms
- endocrine testing: water deprivation test (diabetes insipidus),
glucose/ketones (DM), cortisol (acute adrenal insufficiency)
- MRI for tumor
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER-Posterior
pituitary hypofunction →under secretion of ADH → body cannot balance
fluid levels as they are lost in urine.
,Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus s/sx - CORRECT ANSWER-
Cardinal: Polyuria/polydipsia (early) →dehydration/ electrolyte imbalance,
with irritability in infants.
This condition is entirely unrelated to diabetes mellitus confusion arises
from the polydipsia and polyuria (common to both)
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus lab values - CORRECT ANSWER-
Hypernatremia (Na > 145 mEq/L) (water lost > salt loss) and high serum
osmolality are 2 key tests
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus diagnostic and medical
management - CORRECT ANSWER-+ Water deprivation test (water
restrictions do not decrease urine output)
Long term hormone replacement using DDVAP (route oral, intranasal, or
parental) BID
Fluid replacement may be needed to correct dehydration
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus priority nursing dx - CORRECT
ANSWER-Fluid volume deficit/electrolyte imbalance
provide fluids, monitor weight, I/O, s/sx of dehydration, labs, and teach
about disease.
Neurogenic (central) diabetes insipidus quality outcomes - CORRECT
ANSWER-Early recognition of signs and symptoms of DI
Differentiation of DI from other causes of polyuria and polydipsia (i.e.,
diabetes mellitus)
Effective hormone replacement
DI vs SIADH - CORRECT ANSWER-DI: high and dry
,SIADH: soaked inside
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - CORRECT
ANSWER-Posterior pituitary →Over production/secretion of antidiuretic
hormone → kidney reabsorbs more water increases circulating volume.
SIADH s/sx - CORRECT ANSWER-Low urine output (retention of free
water), anorexia, vomiting, irritability, progressive signs of stupor and
seizures (most are signs due to cerebral edema associate with Na < 120
mEq/L)
SIADH lab values - CORRECT ANSWER-Hyponatremia ( < 135 mEq/L)
(dilution effect) and low serum osmolality are two key tests. BUN is normal
to low
SIADH diagnostic and medical management - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid
Restriction immediately
May require oral sodium replacement or hypertonic saline infusion (w/
severe hyponatremia)
Consider diuretics
Seizure precautions
SIADH Priority Nursing Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid volume
excess/electrolyte imbalance
monitor weight, I/O, s/sx of hypervolemia, neuro status, labs, and teach
about disease.
HbA1C range from 6.5% to 8%
DKA prevented
, NCP: endocrine dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER-- risk for fluid volume
deficit/excess with electrolyte imbalance
- decreased cardiac output
- body image
- risk for injury
- knowledge deficit
pediatric cancer locations - CORRECT ANSWER-- occur in deep body
tissue so that it is not visible or palpable until large
- cancer is not diagnosed until it is more advanced
- tumors are fast growing in healthy children so they can become sick in a
matter of weeks
pediatric cancer type - CORRECT ANSWER-cancers are non epithelial or
embryonic in origin = more aggressive
immune function of pediatric cancer patients - CORRECT ANSWER-- due
to the immature functioning of the immune system as the body's major
defense
the young child's body fails to attack the cancer cells
- higher rate of cellular growth = rapid progression of cancer
head and neck cancer in peds - CORRECT ANSWER-hormones - as the
result of gland dysfunction. follow up needed and if found will require
replacement therapy
CNS - necrosis and demyelination of white matter. This leads to
sleepiness, lethargy and seizures. Damage to grey matter can lead to
learning disabilities and chronic HA
