Psych 2300 Research Methods Final
questions well answered
What are the steps of the theory data cycle? - ANS ✔✔Theory→ Research Question → Research
Design → Hypothesis → Data
What are three key features of a good scientific experiment? - ANS ✔✔1.) good theories are
supported by a large quantity of evidence
2.) Good theories are falsifiable
3.) Good theories have parsimony
Falsifiable - ANS ✔✔able to be disproven by experimental results
Parsimony - ANS ✔✔sets a standard for the theory data cycle. As long as a simple theory
predicts the data well, there should be no need to make the theory more complex
What is the most reliable source for defending a scientific claim? - ANS ✔✔comparison group
comparison group - ANS ✔✔enables us to compare what would happen both with and without
a particular variable
*cannot defend a claim if you don't have a proper comparison group*
Meta-analysis - ANS ✔✔combines the results of many studies and gives a number that
summarizes the magnitude or the effect size of a relationship
Review article - ANS ✔✔provide a summary of all the published studies that have been done in
one research area
, Original research article - ANS ✔✔report, for the first time, the results of an research study
contain details about the study's method, statistical tests and results
Confirmation bias - ANS ✔✔a tendency to look at only information that agrees with what we
already believe
"cherry picking"
Availability Heuristic - ANS ✔✔states that things that pop up easily in our mind tend to guide
our thinking. Events or memories are vivid, recent or memorable, they come to mind more
easily, leading us to over estimate how often things happen
three types of claims - ANS ✔✔frequency, association, causal
Frequency claims - ANS ✔✔describe a particular rate or degree of a single variable
(ex: 4 in 5 doctors recommend)
**need to look at construct, external and statistical validity**
Association claims - ANS ✔✔argues that one level of a variable is likely to be associated with a
particular level of another variable
(ex: people with higher incomes spend less time socializing)
**construct validity is important**
Causal claims - ANS ✔✔one of the variables is responsible for changing the other
(ex: music lessons enhance IQ scores)
questions well answered
What are the steps of the theory data cycle? - ANS ✔✔Theory→ Research Question → Research
Design → Hypothesis → Data
What are three key features of a good scientific experiment? - ANS ✔✔1.) good theories are
supported by a large quantity of evidence
2.) Good theories are falsifiable
3.) Good theories have parsimony
Falsifiable - ANS ✔✔able to be disproven by experimental results
Parsimony - ANS ✔✔sets a standard for the theory data cycle. As long as a simple theory
predicts the data well, there should be no need to make the theory more complex
What is the most reliable source for defending a scientific claim? - ANS ✔✔comparison group
comparison group - ANS ✔✔enables us to compare what would happen both with and without
a particular variable
*cannot defend a claim if you don't have a proper comparison group*
Meta-analysis - ANS ✔✔combines the results of many studies and gives a number that
summarizes the magnitude or the effect size of a relationship
Review article - ANS ✔✔provide a summary of all the published studies that have been done in
one research area
, Original research article - ANS ✔✔report, for the first time, the results of an research study
contain details about the study's method, statistical tests and results
Confirmation bias - ANS ✔✔a tendency to look at only information that agrees with what we
already believe
"cherry picking"
Availability Heuristic - ANS ✔✔states that things that pop up easily in our mind tend to guide
our thinking. Events or memories are vivid, recent or memorable, they come to mind more
easily, leading us to over estimate how often things happen
three types of claims - ANS ✔✔frequency, association, causal
Frequency claims - ANS ✔✔describe a particular rate or degree of a single variable
(ex: 4 in 5 doctors recommend)
**need to look at construct, external and statistical validity**
Association claims - ANS ✔✔argues that one level of a variable is likely to be associated with a
particular level of another variable
(ex: people with higher incomes spend less time socializing)
**construct validity is important**
Causal claims - ANS ✔✔one of the variables is responsible for changing the other
(ex: music lessons enhance IQ scores)
