Zoology Final Exam Study Guide
Know the characteristics of an echinoderm? - Answer-Radial Symmetry, Tube Feet, No cephalization,
bilateral symmetry
Examples of members of the class Echinoidea? - Answer-Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars
Difference b/t oral and aboral surfaces on a sea star - Answer-Oral: the underside where mouth / Aboral:
top side with madreporite
How do sea stars sexually reproduce? - Answer-EXTERNAL - Separate sexes, each arm contains ovaries
or testes, eggs and sperm are shed
What class do basket stars and brittle stars belong? - Answer-Ophiuroidea
What are tube feet? - Answer-Function through water vascular system
What is the entrance to the water-vascular system and what is the function? - Answer-Madreporite -
siphons water in
What is evisceration? - Answer-Defense mechanism of sea cucumbers where they eject parts of their gut
into the water to scare or distract a predator
Name the body systems of a sea star? - Answer-Water Vascular, Digestive, Skin Gills, Radial Nerve
, What is the function of the notochord and where does it come from? - Answer-It is a long supporting
rod that runs through the body just below the nerve cord; embryo
Where do gill chambers evolve from? - Answer-Pharyngeal Pouches
How does a lancelet feed? - Answer-The mouth opens into a long pharynx with gill slits, as water passes
sticky mucus catches food particles, the mucus is then swallowed into the digestive tract *Post Anal
Tail*
Know examples of all echinoderm classes? - Answer-Crinoidea: sea lilies and feather stars / Ophiuroidea:
basket stars and brittle stars / Echinoidea: sea urchins and sand dollars / Holothuroidea: sea
cucumbers / Asteroidea: sea stars
How do sea stars move? - Answer-They use tube feet to attach to objects
What do the pharyngeal pouches turn in to? - Answer-Gills Slits
What organ systems do echinoderms possess? - Answer-Water Vascular, Nervous, Digestive
What are ossicles and what is a test? - Answer-The skeleton consists of multitudes of small calcium
carbonate plates that move with one another, forming flexible joints; test is sea urchins and sand dollars
have ossicles that are fused, forming a rigid skeletal shell
what is the make-up of a sea star's nervous system? - Answer-Nerve Rings, Radial Nerves
Echinoderm fossils date back to what era? - Answer-Cambrian (paleozoic)
what controls buoyancy? - Answer-Swim bladder
Know the characteristics of an echinoderm? - Answer-Radial Symmetry, Tube Feet, No cephalization,
bilateral symmetry
Examples of members of the class Echinoidea? - Answer-Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars
Difference b/t oral and aboral surfaces on a sea star - Answer-Oral: the underside where mouth / Aboral:
top side with madreporite
How do sea stars sexually reproduce? - Answer-EXTERNAL - Separate sexes, each arm contains ovaries
or testes, eggs and sperm are shed
What class do basket stars and brittle stars belong? - Answer-Ophiuroidea
What are tube feet? - Answer-Function through water vascular system
What is the entrance to the water-vascular system and what is the function? - Answer-Madreporite -
siphons water in
What is evisceration? - Answer-Defense mechanism of sea cucumbers where they eject parts of their gut
into the water to scare or distract a predator
Name the body systems of a sea star? - Answer-Water Vascular, Digestive, Skin Gills, Radial Nerve
, What is the function of the notochord and where does it come from? - Answer-It is a long supporting
rod that runs through the body just below the nerve cord; embryo
Where do gill chambers evolve from? - Answer-Pharyngeal Pouches
How does a lancelet feed? - Answer-The mouth opens into a long pharynx with gill slits, as water passes
sticky mucus catches food particles, the mucus is then swallowed into the digestive tract *Post Anal
Tail*
Know examples of all echinoderm classes? - Answer-Crinoidea: sea lilies and feather stars / Ophiuroidea:
basket stars and brittle stars / Echinoidea: sea urchins and sand dollars / Holothuroidea: sea
cucumbers / Asteroidea: sea stars
How do sea stars move? - Answer-They use tube feet to attach to objects
What do the pharyngeal pouches turn in to? - Answer-Gills Slits
What organ systems do echinoderms possess? - Answer-Water Vascular, Nervous, Digestive
What are ossicles and what is a test? - Answer-The skeleton consists of multitudes of small calcium
carbonate plates that move with one another, forming flexible joints; test is sea urchins and sand dollars
have ossicles that are fused, forming a rigid skeletal shell
what is the make-up of a sea star's nervous system? - Answer-Nerve Rings, Radial Nerves
Echinoderm fossils date back to what era? - Answer-Cambrian (paleozoic)
what controls buoyancy? - Answer-Swim bladder
