MICROBIOLOGY BIOD 171 MODULE 2 EXAM
2026 EXAMINATION TEST
◉ Chronic Disease Answer: Develops slowly, and the body's
reactions might be less severe, but the disease is likely to continue to
recur for long periods of time.
◉ Subacute Disease Answer: Symptoms between acute and chronic
diseases - in the middle
*Infection and bronchitis.
◉ Latent Disease Answer: Causative agents are inactive for long
periods of time, then becomes active to produce symptoms
*any latent viruses of the Herpesvirus family. Such as shingles or
chicken pox that lay on the nerve cells.
◉ Herd Immunity Answer: When many immune people are present
in a community
When the number of people vaccinated goes UP,
The chance of the risk to encounter the disease goes DOWN.
,◉ Local infection Answer: Invading pathogens are limited to a small
area of the body.
*Boils and absecesses
◉ Systematic (generalized) infection Answer: Spread THROUGHOUT
the body bu blood or lymph
*measles
◉ Focal Infection Answer: Systematic infection that BEGAN as a local
infection
*Local infections can enter blood or lymphatic vessels and can
spread to other specific parts of the body
*can arise in areas such as teeth, tonsils, or sinuses
◉ Sepsis Answer: Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the
spread of microbes from a focus of infection
◉ Septicemia Answer: Blood poisoning
,*multiplication of pathogens within the blood
◉ Bacteremia Answer: Bacteria in the blood
◉ Toxemia Answer: Presence of toxins within the blood
◉ Viremia Answer: Presence of virus in the blood
◉ Primary Infection Answer: Acute infection that causes an initial
illness
◉ Secondary Infection Answer: Caused by opportunistic pathogen
after immune system weakened by primary infection.
Pneumonia is a consequence of AIDS, and is a secondary infection.
◉ Predisposing Factors Answer: Makes the body more suspectible to
diease and may alter the course of disease.
, *gender (females have higher incidence of UTIs
*genetic background ( inherited genes from parents like sickle cell
anemia)
*Lifestyle/Occupation
*Climate/Weather
Stress/Fatigue
◉ Subclinical Disease Answer: An infection that doesn't cause any
noticiable illness
Poliovirus and hepatitis A. You can carry it but you never contract it.
◉ Reservoirs of infection Answer: Can be human, animal, or
nonliving
◉ carriers Answer: Those who carry the pathogens and transmit
them to others without exhibiting any sign of illness
◉ Zoonoses Answer: Diseases that occur in wild and domestic
animals and can be transmitted to humans
*rabies
*Lyme disease
2026 EXAMINATION TEST
◉ Chronic Disease Answer: Develops slowly, and the body's
reactions might be less severe, but the disease is likely to continue to
recur for long periods of time.
◉ Subacute Disease Answer: Symptoms between acute and chronic
diseases - in the middle
*Infection and bronchitis.
◉ Latent Disease Answer: Causative agents are inactive for long
periods of time, then becomes active to produce symptoms
*any latent viruses of the Herpesvirus family. Such as shingles or
chicken pox that lay on the nerve cells.
◉ Herd Immunity Answer: When many immune people are present
in a community
When the number of people vaccinated goes UP,
The chance of the risk to encounter the disease goes DOWN.
,◉ Local infection Answer: Invading pathogens are limited to a small
area of the body.
*Boils and absecesses
◉ Systematic (generalized) infection Answer: Spread THROUGHOUT
the body bu blood or lymph
*measles
◉ Focal Infection Answer: Systematic infection that BEGAN as a local
infection
*Local infections can enter blood or lymphatic vessels and can
spread to other specific parts of the body
*can arise in areas such as teeth, tonsils, or sinuses
◉ Sepsis Answer: Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the
spread of microbes from a focus of infection
◉ Septicemia Answer: Blood poisoning
,*multiplication of pathogens within the blood
◉ Bacteremia Answer: Bacteria in the blood
◉ Toxemia Answer: Presence of toxins within the blood
◉ Viremia Answer: Presence of virus in the blood
◉ Primary Infection Answer: Acute infection that causes an initial
illness
◉ Secondary Infection Answer: Caused by opportunistic pathogen
after immune system weakened by primary infection.
Pneumonia is a consequence of AIDS, and is a secondary infection.
◉ Predisposing Factors Answer: Makes the body more suspectible to
diease and may alter the course of disease.
, *gender (females have higher incidence of UTIs
*genetic background ( inherited genes from parents like sickle cell
anemia)
*Lifestyle/Occupation
*Climate/Weather
Stress/Fatigue
◉ Subclinical Disease Answer: An infection that doesn't cause any
noticiable illness
Poliovirus and hepatitis A. You can carry it but you never contract it.
◉ Reservoirs of infection Answer: Can be human, animal, or
nonliving
◉ carriers Answer: Those who carry the pathogens and transmit
them to others without exhibiting any sign of illness
◉ Zoonoses Answer: Diseases that occur in wild and domestic
animals and can be transmitted to humans
*rabies
*Lyme disease
