NURS 6512: ADVANCED HEALTH ASSESSMENT
MIDTERM REVIEW LATEST VERSION WITH ALL
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS AND RATIONALE
anemia and at least 5 causes - CORRECT ANSWERS-low hbg, due to :
iron deficiency or vitamin b12 /folate deficiency, chronic renal failure, aplastic anemia, bone marrow
issue, leukemia, lymphoma, or blood loss
Normal Hgb levels - CORRECT ANSWERS-11.6-16.6g/dl
when hgb is abnormal be concerned of what - CORRECT ANSWERS-blood oxygen carrying
capacity concern
Hematocrit Hct what is it - CORRECT ANSWERS-percentage of overall solution: packed cell
volume of RBC
normal hct level - CORRECT ANSWERS-35.5 to 48.6%
Hgb compared to hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hct= hgb x3
loss of plasma volume from the vascular space does what to hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-
increases it: think dehydration, severe burn, elevated hct
overhydration does what to hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-decreases hct: not necessarily bleeding
right after hemorrage what happens to rbc and plasma - CORRECT ANSWERS-its an equal loss
of both rbc and plasma until hrs later whaen interstial fluid shifts into vascular space decreases hct
how many days does bone marrow take to make rbc - CORRECT ANSWERS-7 days to make
them
,risk of hypovolemic shock during acute or chronic loss - CORRECT ANSWERS-acute due to no
time to compensate: think dialysis vs hemorrhage
less than 15% of hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-cardiac failure
greater than 60% of hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-spontaneous blood clot
what happens to hct during pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS-in last trimester hct decreases
due to increased plasma volume
Platelet count norms and function - CORRECT ANSWERS-135-371 billion/L
function to prevent bleeding
decreased platelets mean - CORRECT ANSWERS-risk for bleeding
increased platelets means - CORRECT ANSWERS-increased risk for blood clots
thrombocytopenia what is it and what causes it - CORRECT ANSWERS-low platelets due to -
expect bruising and severe headaches: bone marrow failure, chemo, viral infection,
lupus/lymphoma/leukemia, ITP, HELLP syndrome, DIC, splenomegaly
thrombocytosis what is it and what causes it - CORRECT ANSWERS-high platelets due to:
leukemia, inflammation, acute blood loss, iron deficit, hyposplenism, polycythemia vera
secondary/reactive thrombocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-due to underlying issue
primary thrombocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-due to serious bleed or clot : less common
, what is the Mean platelet volume - CORRECT ANSWERS-MPV - average volume of platelets
increases with production of platelets.
possible causes of increased MPV - CORRECT ANSWERS-ITP, prelampsia
possible causes of decreased MPV - CORRECT ANSWERS-aplastic anemia, chemo, viral
infections.
if rbc decrease what happens to hgb - CORRECT ANSWERS-hgb decreases as well
Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) - CORRECT ANSWERS-transient severe
anemia in young children
could be due to viral infection (usually paro virus)
shows up around 6m to 4years of age
no cure : wait and heal over months
Symptoms: lethargic, fatigue, pallor, anemia symptoms
Congenital erythroid aplasia ( Diamond-Blackfan anemia) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a rare,
inherited blood disorder characterized by the bone marrow's inability to produce sufficient red blood
cells, leading to anemia.
presents at birth, can lead to cancer, 1/3 remit in 1st decade,
marrow transplant is only cure
How to determine what antibiotic to use - CORRECT ANSWERS-Culture and sensitivity: takes
1-3 days for results
what type of antibiotic to use until c &s results - CORRECT ANSWERS-empiric antibiotic:
educated guess based on community
broad spectrum usually
CFU (colony forming units) - CORRECT ANSWERS-estimates # of bacteria in sample
MIDTERM REVIEW LATEST VERSION WITH ALL
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS AND RATIONALE
anemia and at least 5 causes - CORRECT ANSWERS-low hbg, due to :
iron deficiency or vitamin b12 /folate deficiency, chronic renal failure, aplastic anemia, bone marrow
issue, leukemia, lymphoma, or blood loss
Normal Hgb levels - CORRECT ANSWERS-11.6-16.6g/dl
when hgb is abnormal be concerned of what - CORRECT ANSWERS-blood oxygen carrying
capacity concern
Hematocrit Hct what is it - CORRECT ANSWERS-percentage of overall solution: packed cell
volume of RBC
normal hct level - CORRECT ANSWERS-35.5 to 48.6%
Hgb compared to hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hct= hgb x3
loss of plasma volume from the vascular space does what to hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-
increases it: think dehydration, severe burn, elevated hct
overhydration does what to hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-decreases hct: not necessarily bleeding
right after hemorrage what happens to rbc and plasma - CORRECT ANSWERS-its an equal loss
of both rbc and plasma until hrs later whaen interstial fluid shifts into vascular space decreases hct
how many days does bone marrow take to make rbc - CORRECT ANSWERS-7 days to make
them
,risk of hypovolemic shock during acute or chronic loss - CORRECT ANSWERS-acute due to no
time to compensate: think dialysis vs hemorrhage
less than 15% of hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-cardiac failure
greater than 60% of hct - CORRECT ANSWERS-spontaneous blood clot
what happens to hct during pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWERS-in last trimester hct decreases
due to increased plasma volume
Platelet count norms and function - CORRECT ANSWERS-135-371 billion/L
function to prevent bleeding
decreased platelets mean - CORRECT ANSWERS-risk for bleeding
increased platelets means - CORRECT ANSWERS-increased risk for blood clots
thrombocytopenia what is it and what causes it - CORRECT ANSWERS-low platelets due to -
expect bruising and severe headaches: bone marrow failure, chemo, viral infection,
lupus/lymphoma/leukemia, ITP, HELLP syndrome, DIC, splenomegaly
thrombocytosis what is it and what causes it - CORRECT ANSWERS-high platelets due to:
leukemia, inflammation, acute blood loss, iron deficit, hyposplenism, polycythemia vera
secondary/reactive thrombocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-due to underlying issue
primary thrombocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-due to serious bleed or clot : less common
, what is the Mean platelet volume - CORRECT ANSWERS-MPV - average volume of platelets
increases with production of platelets.
possible causes of increased MPV - CORRECT ANSWERS-ITP, prelampsia
possible causes of decreased MPV - CORRECT ANSWERS-aplastic anemia, chemo, viral
infections.
if rbc decrease what happens to hgb - CORRECT ANSWERS-hgb decreases as well
Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) - CORRECT ANSWERS-transient severe
anemia in young children
could be due to viral infection (usually paro virus)
shows up around 6m to 4years of age
no cure : wait and heal over months
Symptoms: lethargic, fatigue, pallor, anemia symptoms
Congenital erythroid aplasia ( Diamond-Blackfan anemia) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a rare,
inherited blood disorder characterized by the bone marrow's inability to produce sufficient red blood
cells, leading to anemia.
presents at birth, can lead to cancer, 1/3 remit in 1st decade,
marrow transplant is only cure
How to determine what antibiotic to use - CORRECT ANSWERS-Culture and sensitivity: takes
1-3 days for results
what type of antibiotic to use until c &s results - CORRECT ANSWERS-empiric antibiotic:
educated guess based on community
broad spectrum usually
CFU (colony forming units) - CORRECT ANSWERS-estimates # of bacteria in sample
