POB SHADWICK EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
& SOLUTIONS
Phases of Mitosis - ANSWERProphase (chromosomes condense and the muvlear
envelope dissolves), Prometaphase (chromosomes attach to spindle fibers), Metaphase
(chromosomes are aligned at metaphase plate), Anaphase (chromosomes separate,
become daughter chromosomes that move toward poles), Telophase (new nuclear
envelopes form around the daughter chromosomes and cytokinesis is well underway)
Meiosis occurs in any life cycle that involves ________ reproduction - ANSWERSexual
The end result of meiosis is ______ - ANSWERdaughter cells with the haploid number
of homologous chromosomes
law of independent assortment - ANSWER1. pairs separate independently of each other
2. all possible combos of factors can occur in gametes
Mitosis v Meiosis - ANSWER1) Mitosis forms two diploid cells with the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cells v. Meiosis forms four haploid cells with half the
number of chromosomes as the parent cell
2) Mitosis requires 1 nuclear division, Meiosis requires 2 nuclear divisions
3) Meiosis results in daughter cells that are not identical to each other or the parent
cells. Mitosis results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the
parent cell.
Law of Segregation - ANSWERMendel's law that states that pairs of homologous
chromosomes separate in meiosis so that one chromosome from each pair is present in
each gamete
Spermatogenesis produces _____? - ANSWER4 viable sperm
Tay-Sachs disease - ANSWERautosomal recessive; caused by a recessive allele that
leads to accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and
degeneration of motor and mental performance, shows up a few months after birth.
oogenesis produces _____? - ANSWEROne egg and polar bodies
cystic fibrosis - ANSWERautosomal recessive disease; characterized by an excessive
secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated. Inability
to receive chloride ions
sickle cell anemia - ANSWERautosomal recessive disorder; causes abnormal
hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape
, Huntington's disease - ANSWERautosomal dominant disease; uncontrollable body
mvmts. and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the
onset of symptoms.
Darwin's idea of evolution - ANSWERnatural selection- survival of the fittest
Lamarck's idea of evolution - ANSWERindividuals can acquire traits during their lifetime
and pass them onto their offspring, environmental
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - ANSWER1). No mutations. 2). Random mating. 3). No
natural selection. 4). The population size must be extremely large, no genetic drift. 5).
No gene flow. i.e. transfer of pollen.
Darwin's Theory - ANSWER1) Individual organisms differ in terms of reproductive
success, fitness, overproduce offspring
2) Organisms adapt to conditions as environment changed
3) Organisms compete for limited resources, 4) individual organisms exhibit variation
that can be passed from one gen. to next AKA heritable variation
Evidences of Evolution - ANSWER1. Fossil Evidence
2. Biogeographic Evidence (geo. barriers)
3. Anatomical Evidence (homologous struc., vestigial struc.)
4. Biochemical Evidence (ATP/ DNA similarities)
5 forms of microevolution - ANSWER1. mutations
2. genetic drift (natural disaster)
3. Gene Flow
4. Nonrandom Mating
5. Natural Selection
heterozygote advantage - ANSWERindividuals who are heterozygous at a particular
locus have greater fitness than do both kinds of homozygotes
ex: sickle cell carrier
Hemophilia symptoms and physiology - ANSWERAn X-linked recessive order with 2
common types. Type A is due to the absence of clotting factor VIII and Type B is due to
the absence of clotting factor IX.
Hemophilia causes the blood to not clot or to clot very slowly. Bleeding is excessive
externally after an injury, but also internally around joints.
Can be stopped with transfusions if fresh blood or plasma, or concentrates of the
missing clotting protein.
allopatric speciation - ANSWERThe formation of new species in populations that are
geographically isolated from one another.
& SOLUTIONS
Phases of Mitosis - ANSWERProphase (chromosomes condense and the muvlear
envelope dissolves), Prometaphase (chromosomes attach to spindle fibers), Metaphase
(chromosomes are aligned at metaphase plate), Anaphase (chromosomes separate,
become daughter chromosomes that move toward poles), Telophase (new nuclear
envelopes form around the daughter chromosomes and cytokinesis is well underway)
Meiosis occurs in any life cycle that involves ________ reproduction - ANSWERSexual
The end result of meiosis is ______ - ANSWERdaughter cells with the haploid number
of homologous chromosomes
law of independent assortment - ANSWER1. pairs separate independently of each other
2. all possible combos of factors can occur in gametes
Mitosis v Meiosis - ANSWER1) Mitosis forms two diploid cells with the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cells v. Meiosis forms four haploid cells with half the
number of chromosomes as the parent cell
2) Mitosis requires 1 nuclear division, Meiosis requires 2 nuclear divisions
3) Meiosis results in daughter cells that are not identical to each other or the parent
cells. Mitosis results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and the
parent cell.
Law of Segregation - ANSWERMendel's law that states that pairs of homologous
chromosomes separate in meiosis so that one chromosome from each pair is present in
each gamete
Spermatogenesis produces _____? - ANSWER4 viable sperm
Tay-Sachs disease - ANSWERautosomal recessive; caused by a recessive allele that
leads to accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and
degeneration of motor and mental performance, shows up a few months after birth.
oogenesis produces _____? - ANSWEROne egg and polar bodies
cystic fibrosis - ANSWERautosomal recessive disease; characterized by an excessive
secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated. Inability
to receive chloride ions
sickle cell anemia - ANSWERautosomal recessive disorder; causes abnormal
hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape
, Huntington's disease - ANSWERautosomal dominant disease; uncontrollable body
mvmts. and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the
onset of symptoms.
Darwin's idea of evolution - ANSWERnatural selection- survival of the fittest
Lamarck's idea of evolution - ANSWERindividuals can acquire traits during their lifetime
and pass them onto their offspring, environmental
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - ANSWER1). No mutations. 2). Random mating. 3). No
natural selection. 4). The population size must be extremely large, no genetic drift. 5).
No gene flow. i.e. transfer of pollen.
Darwin's Theory - ANSWER1) Individual organisms differ in terms of reproductive
success, fitness, overproduce offspring
2) Organisms adapt to conditions as environment changed
3) Organisms compete for limited resources, 4) individual organisms exhibit variation
that can be passed from one gen. to next AKA heritable variation
Evidences of Evolution - ANSWER1. Fossil Evidence
2. Biogeographic Evidence (geo. barriers)
3. Anatomical Evidence (homologous struc., vestigial struc.)
4. Biochemical Evidence (ATP/ DNA similarities)
5 forms of microevolution - ANSWER1. mutations
2. genetic drift (natural disaster)
3. Gene Flow
4. Nonrandom Mating
5. Natural Selection
heterozygote advantage - ANSWERindividuals who are heterozygous at a particular
locus have greater fitness than do both kinds of homozygotes
ex: sickle cell carrier
Hemophilia symptoms and physiology - ANSWERAn X-linked recessive order with 2
common types. Type A is due to the absence of clotting factor VIII and Type B is due to
the absence of clotting factor IX.
Hemophilia causes the blood to not clot or to clot very slowly. Bleeding is excessive
externally after an injury, but also internally around joints.
Can be stopped with transfusions if fresh blood or plasma, or concentrates of the
missing clotting protein.
allopatric speciation - ANSWERThe formation of new species in populations that are
geographically isolated from one another.
