CNA CHAPTER 4 FINAL PAPER 2026 ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Metabolism. Answer: Physical & chemical processes by which
substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products
for use by the body
◉ Largest organ in body. Answer: Skin/integumentary system -
protects the body & is the sense organ.
◉ Body temperature is regulated by the ______________ .. Answer: Skin
◉ When the outside temperature is too high the blood vessels
__________ .. Answer: Dilate - brings more blood to the body surface to
help the body cool down
◉ When the outside temperature is too cold the blood vessels
__________ .. Answer: Constrict - this helps retain the body's heat
◉ Skins normal changes of aging. Answer: Skin is thinner, drier this
makes it more fragile & easily to damage, skin is less elastic,
protective fatty tissue is lost which can cause the person to be & feel
colder, hair thins & turns gray, wrinkles & brown spots or " liver
spots ", nails are harder & more brittle than before
,◉ Report these changes (skin). Answer: Pale, white, redden or
purple areas on the skin, blisters or bruises, tingling, warmth or
burning sensation, swelling, fluid or blood drainage from skin,
change in a wound
◉ What can CNA do to help skin?. Answer: Keep the skin clean & dry,
keeping the linen wrinkle free, apply lotion to the skin
◉ Musculoskeletal system. Answer: The body obtains its structure
by the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons & cartilage. Muscle help to
produces the body heat.
◉ How do we keep the bones and muscles healthy?. Answer: Keep
them in motion - not doing so can result in immobility.
◉ Atrophy. Answer: The muscle wastes away, decreases in size & the
strength goes away
◉ Contracture. Answer: Occurs when the tendons & the muscle
shorten because of nonuse or injury
◉ Musculoskeletal normal changes of aging. Answer: Muscle
weaken, body movement slows, bones become more brittle, joints
stiffen & swell, lose height
, ◉ Report these changes (musculoskeletal). Answer: changes in
ability, ability to do full ROM, pain during any type of movement,
bruising, increased swelling in joints, warm or shinny areas over
joints
◉ Arthritis. Answer: General term to describe joints that are stiff,
painful to move with increase swelling, along with decreased
mobility
◉ Autoimmune disease. Answer: The body attacking it own or self
immune system causing disease or unbalance in the body
◉ Rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune). Answer: Deforms the joint
causing restriction with movement. The joint is swollen, painful &
red in color.
◉ Osteoarthritis. Answer: Due to injury/age, weight bearing joints
such as knees & hips are most often affected. It can also be present
in the spine & hands. Stiffness will increase with damp, cold weather.
◉ Osteoporosis. Answer: Low density happens in the bone which
makes it brittle & easy to break. Osteoporosis can happen due to lack
of calcium absorbed by the bones.
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Metabolism. Answer: Physical & chemical processes by which
substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products
for use by the body
◉ Largest organ in body. Answer: Skin/integumentary system -
protects the body & is the sense organ.
◉ Body temperature is regulated by the ______________ .. Answer: Skin
◉ When the outside temperature is too high the blood vessels
__________ .. Answer: Dilate - brings more blood to the body surface to
help the body cool down
◉ When the outside temperature is too cold the blood vessels
__________ .. Answer: Constrict - this helps retain the body's heat
◉ Skins normal changes of aging. Answer: Skin is thinner, drier this
makes it more fragile & easily to damage, skin is less elastic,
protective fatty tissue is lost which can cause the person to be & feel
colder, hair thins & turns gray, wrinkles & brown spots or " liver
spots ", nails are harder & more brittle than before
,◉ Report these changes (skin). Answer: Pale, white, redden or
purple areas on the skin, blisters or bruises, tingling, warmth or
burning sensation, swelling, fluid or blood drainage from skin,
change in a wound
◉ What can CNA do to help skin?. Answer: Keep the skin clean & dry,
keeping the linen wrinkle free, apply lotion to the skin
◉ Musculoskeletal system. Answer: The body obtains its structure
by the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons & cartilage. Muscle help to
produces the body heat.
◉ How do we keep the bones and muscles healthy?. Answer: Keep
them in motion - not doing so can result in immobility.
◉ Atrophy. Answer: The muscle wastes away, decreases in size & the
strength goes away
◉ Contracture. Answer: Occurs when the tendons & the muscle
shorten because of nonuse or injury
◉ Musculoskeletal normal changes of aging. Answer: Muscle
weaken, body movement slows, bones become more brittle, joints
stiffen & swell, lose height
, ◉ Report these changes (musculoskeletal). Answer: changes in
ability, ability to do full ROM, pain during any type of movement,
bruising, increased swelling in joints, warm or shinny areas over
joints
◉ Arthritis. Answer: General term to describe joints that are stiff,
painful to move with increase swelling, along with decreased
mobility
◉ Autoimmune disease. Answer: The body attacking it own or self
immune system causing disease or unbalance in the body
◉ Rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune). Answer: Deforms the joint
causing restriction with movement. The joint is swollen, painful &
red in color.
◉ Osteoarthritis. Answer: Due to injury/age, weight bearing joints
such as knees & hips are most often affected. It can also be present
in the spine & hands. Stiffness will increase with damp, cold weather.
◉ Osteoporosis. Answer: Low density happens in the bone which
makes it brittle & easy to break. Osteoporosis can happen due to lack
of calcium absorbed by the bones.
