NGR6141 Exam 3 Objectives questions |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with answers |\
The Pericardium:
|\
1) describe
|\
2) 3 functions
|\ |\
3) name 2 layers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A double walled
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
membrane sac that encloses the epicardium, myocardium and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the endocardium is called the ________________________.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
It has 3 Functions:
|\ |\ |\
1. Prevents displacement of heart during gravitational
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
acceleration, deceleration |\
2. Acts as a physical barrier that protects the heart against
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
infection and inflammation from the lungs and plural space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. Contains pain receptors and mechanoreceptors that can elicit
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reflex changes in B/P and HR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C) Has 2 Layers:
|\ |\ |\
1. Parietal - outer layers, surface layer of mesothelium over a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
thin layer of connective tissue
|\ |\ |\ |\
2. Visceral (Epicardium) - inner layer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, -Layers separated by pericardial cavity that contains 20ml of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pericardial fluid |\
Be able to identify the location of the tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
aortic valve and how they function. What causes the valves to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
open and close? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Valves open and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
close due to pressure gradients
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Four Valves, two kinds of valves:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
1. Atrioventricular Valves: one way flow of blood from atrium to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricle
(a) Tricuspid - (has 3 cusps), Rt valve between the RA and RV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(b) Mitral - (bicuspid), found between LA and LV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. Semilunar Valves: one way flow from ventricles to either the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
PA or to the Aorta
|\ |\ |\ |\
(a) Pulmonic - blood goes from RV to PA
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- when this valve is open, the AV is closed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(b) Aortic - blood from LV goes into the Aorta
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2a) Atrioventricular Valves: one way flow of blood from atrium to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricle
(a) Tricuspid |\ |\
(b) Mitral - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔2a) The _______________ valve
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
has 3 cusps, and is located between the RA and the RV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2b) The __________________ valve has 2 leaflets and is found
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
between LA and LV |\ |\ |\
,a) Semilunar Valves:
|\ |\ |\
b) Pulmonic
|\
c) Aortic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a) Valves that allow one way
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
flow from ventricles to either the PA or to the Aorta are called the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
_______________________ valves. There are two kinds called (b) and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(c)
|\
b) The _______________valve allows blood to go from RV to PA,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
when this valve is open, the AV is closed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
c) The_________________valve allows blood from LV to go into the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Aorta
"Atrial kick" - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔LA contraction [SYSTOLE]
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
allows a significant INCREASE in the amt of blood entering the LV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
at the end of its contraction [DIASTOLE]
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A) Right Coronary Artery
|\ |\ |\
, |\ (1) Conus branch
|\ |\
(2) Rt Marginal Branch
|\ |\ |\ |\
(3) Posterior Descending Artery (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The ______________ ______________ ________________ originates from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
an ostium behind the aortic cusp and travels behind the Pulm
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
artery (PA), it extends around the right heart to the hearts'
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
posterior surface where it branches into the RA and RV area.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Has three branches:
|\ |\ |\
(1) The __________________ branch supplies blood to the RV.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(2) The ________________ ________________ branch crosses through
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the RV to the apex
|\ |\ |\ |\
(3) The __________________ ___________________ Artery lies in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
post interventricular sulcus and supplies smaller branches to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
both ventricles |\
(1) Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(2) Circumflex Artery (CX) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1) The
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
____________ _________________ _____________ Artery delivers blood |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to the LA and RV and much of the Septum. It originates from a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
single ostium behind the left cusp of the AV and it passes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
between the LA appendage and the PA. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with answers |\
The Pericardium:
|\
1) describe
|\
2) 3 functions
|\ |\
3) name 2 layers - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A double walled
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
membrane sac that encloses the epicardium, myocardium and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the endocardium is called the ________________________.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
It has 3 Functions:
|\ |\ |\
1. Prevents displacement of heart during gravitational
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
acceleration, deceleration |\
2. Acts as a physical barrier that protects the heart against
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
infection and inflammation from the lungs and plural space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. Contains pain receptors and mechanoreceptors that can elicit
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reflex changes in B/P and HR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C) Has 2 Layers:
|\ |\ |\
1. Parietal - outer layers, surface layer of mesothelium over a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
thin layer of connective tissue
|\ |\ |\ |\
2. Visceral (Epicardium) - inner layer
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, -Layers separated by pericardial cavity that contains 20ml of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pericardial fluid |\
Be able to identify the location of the tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
aortic valve and how they function. What causes the valves to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
open and close? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- Valves open and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
close due to pressure gradients
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Four Valves, two kinds of valves:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
1. Atrioventricular Valves: one way flow of blood from atrium to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricle
(a) Tricuspid - (has 3 cusps), Rt valve between the RA and RV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(b) Mitral - (bicuspid), found between LA and LV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2. Semilunar Valves: one way flow from ventricles to either the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
PA or to the Aorta
|\ |\ |\ |\
(a) Pulmonic - blood goes from RV to PA
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- when this valve is open, the AV is closed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(b) Aortic - blood from LV goes into the Aorta
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2a) Atrioventricular Valves: one way flow of blood from atrium to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricle
(a) Tricuspid |\ |\
(b) Mitral - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔2a) The _______________ valve
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
has 3 cusps, and is located between the RA and the RV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2b) The __________________ valve has 2 leaflets and is found
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
between LA and LV |\ |\ |\
,a) Semilunar Valves:
|\ |\ |\
b) Pulmonic
|\
c) Aortic - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a) Valves that allow one way
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
flow from ventricles to either the PA or to the Aorta are called the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
_______________________ valves. There are two kinds called (b) and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(c)
|\
b) The _______________valve allows blood to go from RV to PA,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
when this valve is open, the AV is closed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
c) The_________________valve allows blood from LV to go into the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Aorta
"Atrial kick" - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔LA contraction [SYSTOLE]
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
allows a significant INCREASE in the amt of blood entering the LV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
at the end of its contraction [DIASTOLE]
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A) Right Coronary Artery
|\ |\ |\
, |\ (1) Conus branch
|\ |\
(2) Rt Marginal Branch
|\ |\ |\ |\
(3) Posterior Descending Artery (PDA) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
The ______________ ______________ ________________ originates from
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
an ostium behind the aortic cusp and travels behind the Pulm
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
artery (PA), it extends around the right heart to the hearts'
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
posterior surface where it branches into the RA and RV area.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Has three branches:
|\ |\ |\
(1) The __________________ branch supplies blood to the RV.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(2) The ________________ ________________ branch crosses through
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the RV to the apex
|\ |\ |\ |\
(3) The __________________ ___________________ Artery lies in the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
post interventricular sulcus and supplies smaller branches to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
both ventricles |\
(1) Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(2) Circumflex Artery (CX) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1) The
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
____________ _________________ _____________ Artery delivers blood |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to the LA and RV and much of the Septum. It originates from a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
single ostium behind the left cusp of the AV and it passes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
between the LA appendage and the PA. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
