BIO 111 Exam 4 – Actual Questions &
Verified Answers | Latest Update 2025/2026 |
Exam Q&A PDF
double-helical model - correct answerIn 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick
introduced an elegant _________________ for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid,
or DNA
genetic - correct answerDNA is the ______ material
nucleotides - correct answerDNA is a polymer of __________, each consisting of a
nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
Chargaff's rules - correct answerDiscovered in 1950, ____________ state that in any
species there is an equal number of A and T bases, and an equal number of G and C
bases, but DNA varies from one species to the next.
thymine (T) , cytosine (C) - correct answerWatson and Crick determined that adenine
(A) paired only with _______, and guanine (G) paired only with ________
Watson-Crick - correct answerThe _________ model explains Chargaff's rules: in any
organism the amount of A = T, and the amount of G = C
replication , repair - correct answerProteins are used to aid in DNA __________ &
________
copying - correct answerWatson and Crick noted that the specific base pairing
suggested a possible _________ mechanism for genetic material
semiconservative model - correct answerWatson and Crick's
_________________________ of replication predicts that when a double helix
replicates, each daughter molecule will have one old strand (derived or "conserved"
from the parent molecule) and one newly made strand
conservative model - correct answermodel of replication where the two parent strands
rejoin
dispersive model - correct answermodel of replication where each strand is a mix of old
and new
, base-pairing - correct answerIn DNA replication, the parent molecule unwinds, and two
new daughter strands are built based on ___________ rules
origins of replication - correct answerReplication begins at a specific site called
______________________, where the two DNA strands are separated, opening up a
replication "bubble"
Helicases - correct answer__________ are enzymes that untwist the double helix at the
replication forks
Single-strand binding protein - correct answer___________________________ binds to
and stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it can be used as a template
primase - correct answerAn enzyme called _______ starts an RNA chain that is added
to the parental DNA strand. The primer is short (5-10 nucleotides long), and the 3' end
serves as the starting point for the new DNA strand
DNA polymerases - correct answer_______________ catalyze the elongation of new
DNA at a replication fork very rapidly
3' - correct answerDNA polymerases add nucleotides only to the free _______ end of a
growing strand; therefore, a new DNA strand can elongate only in the 5' to 3' direction
lagging strand - correct answerTo elongate the other new strand, called the
____________, DNA polymerase must work in the direction away from the replication
fork
Okazaki fragments, DNA ligase - correct answerThe lagging strand is synthesized as a
series of segments called ______________, which are joined together by__________
DNA Polymerase I - correct answerRemoves RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end
and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
DNA ligase - correct answerJoins 3' end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading
strand and joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand
replacing - correct answerDNA polymerases proofread newly made DNA, _______ any
incorrect nucleotides
chromosome - correct answerA ___________ consists of a DNA molecule packed
together with proteins
Eukaryotic - correct answer__________ chromosomes have linear DNA molecules
associated with a large amount of protein
Verified Answers | Latest Update 2025/2026 |
Exam Q&A PDF
double-helical model - correct answerIn 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick
introduced an elegant _________________ for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid,
or DNA
genetic - correct answerDNA is the ______ material
nucleotides - correct answerDNA is a polymer of __________, each consisting of a
nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
Chargaff's rules - correct answerDiscovered in 1950, ____________ state that in any
species there is an equal number of A and T bases, and an equal number of G and C
bases, but DNA varies from one species to the next.
thymine (T) , cytosine (C) - correct answerWatson and Crick determined that adenine
(A) paired only with _______, and guanine (G) paired only with ________
Watson-Crick - correct answerThe _________ model explains Chargaff's rules: in any
organism the amount of A = T, and the amount of G = C
replication , repair - correct answerProteins are used to aid in DNA __________ &
________
copying - correct answerWatson and Crick noted that the specific base pairing
suggested a possible _________ mechanism for genetic material
semiconservative model - correct answerWatson and Crick's
_________________________ of replication predicts that when a double helix
replicates, each daughter molecule will have one old strand (derived or "conserved"
from the parent molecule) and one newly made strand
conservative model - correct answermodel of replication where the two parent strands
rejoin
dispersive model - correct answermodel of replication where each strand is a mix of old
and new
, base-pairing - correct answerIn DNA replication, the parent molecule unwinds, and two
new daughter strands are built based on ___________ rules
origins of replication - correct answerReplication begins at a specific site called
______________________, where the two DNA strands are separated, opening up a
replication "bubble"
Helicases - correct answer__________ are enzymes that untwist the double helix at the
replication forks
Single-strand binding protein - correct answer___________________________ binds to
and stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it can be used as a template
primase - correct answerAn enzyme called _______ starts an RNA chain that is added
to the parental DNA strand. The primer is short (5-10 nucleotides long), and the 3' end
serves as the starting point for the new DNA strand
DNA polymerases - correct answer_______________ catalyze the elongation of new
DNA at a replication fork very rapidly
3' - correct answerDNA polymerases add nucleotides only to the free _______ end of a
growing strand; therefore, a new DNA strand can elongate only in the 5' to 3' direction
lagging strand - correct answerTo elongate the other new strand, called the
____________, DNA polymerase must work in the direction away from the replication
fork
Okazaki fragments, DNA ligase - correct answerThe lagging strand is synthesized as a
series of segments called ______________, which are joined together by__________
DNA Polymerase I - correct answerRemoves RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end
and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
DNA ligase - correct answerJoins 3' end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading
strand and joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand
replacing - correct answerDNA polymerases proofread newly made DNA, _______ any
incorrect nucleotides
chromosome - correct answerA ___________ consists of a DNA molecule packed
together with proteins
Eukaryotic - correct answer__________ chromosomes have linear DNA molecules
associated with a large amount of protein
