HLTH 331 - MIDTERM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Glucose - Answer -1) Glucose releases energy and can turn into triglycerides
(subcutaneous fat - fat you can pinch and is just under skin) and then turn into visceral
fat (fat around organs)
2) Glucose can convert to ATP (energy) and then turn into glycogen (glucose for energy
stored in liver and muscles for later use, e.g. exercise)
Skeletal Muscle Protein Turnover - Answer -Muscle proteins:
-MPB (muscle protein breakdown) exceeds MPS (muscle protein synthesis) in a fasted
state.
-MPS exceeds MPB in a fed state
-Recycling inside muscle
-Starving - amino acids break down, go into bloodstream and turn into glucose
Assertion Reason Questions - Answer --2 statements, an assertion and a reason linked
by the word 'because'
-Assertion: protein ingestion is required to maintain skeletal muscle mass
Because
-Reason: protein is made of fatty acids that are used as the building blocks to make
skeletal muscle proteins
-Assertion true; reason false
Nutrition - Answer -The science of foods and the nutrients they contain, and of their
actions within the body. Includes the social, economic, cultural and psychological
implications of food and eating
Nutrients - Answer --Macronutrients (energy-yielding): carbohydrates, fats, proteins
-Micronutrients: vitamins and minerals
-Organic: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins
-Inorganic: minerals and water
-Alcohol is not a nutrient - detrimental impact on numerous processes such as growth
and repair
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) - Answer -Is the amount that will offset
deficiency in half the population.
Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) - Answer -Is the amount that will prevent
deficiency in ~98% of the population.
Adequate Intakes (AI) - Answer -Is the amount decided when there is insufficient data
to generate an RDA.
, Upper Tolerable Limit - Answer -Is the amount beyond which a nutrient may become
toxic.
Balanced Weight - Answer -energy consumed = energy expended
Weight Gain - Answer -energy consumed > energy expended
Weight Loss - Answer -energy < energy expended
Energy In - Answer -Food/drinks that contain energy
Energy Out - Answer --Basal Metabolic Rate (MBR) - 65%
-Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) - 20%
-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (EAT) - 10%
-Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF) - 5%
BMR - Answer --Amount of energy needed to maintain metabolic processes at rest
-Measured in the fasted state
- ~1 kcal/kg body weight/hr
-Used to calculate one's resting energy expenditure (REE) - kcal burned over 24 hours
NEAT - Answer -Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expended
for everything we do that is not sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise
EAT - Answer -This refers to the number of calories your burn when you're purposefully
trying to break a sweat
TEF - Answer -The amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb, and
metabolise the food you eat
Calorie - Answer -Energy required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1
degree Celsius
Food Composition - Answer --1g CHO = 4 kcal
-1g FAT = 9kcal
-1g PRO = 4 kcal
1g alcohol = 7 kcal
Light Physical Activity (LPA) - Answer -All intensities of device measured physical
activity, including light intensity are associated with a substantially reduced risk of death
in a dose-response manner
Canadian Definition of Obesity - Answer -A progressive chronic disease characterized
by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that impairs health. Associated with type 2
Glucose - Answer -1) Glucose releases energy and can turn into triglycerides
(subcutaneous fat - fat you can pinch and is just under skin) and then turn into visceral
fat (fat around organs)
2) Glucose can convert to ATP (energy) and then turn into glycogen (glucose for energy
stored in liver and muscles for later use, e.g. exercise)
Skeletal Muscle Protein Turnover - Answer -Muscle proteins:
-MPB (muscle protein breakdown) exceeds MPS (muscle protein synthesis) in a fasted
state.
-MPS exceeds MPB in a fed state
-Recycling inside muscle
-Starving - amino acids break down, go into bloodstream and turn into glucose
Assertion Reason Questions - Answer --2 statements, an assertion and a reason linked
by the word 'because'
-Assertion: protein ingestion is required to maintain skeletal muscle mass
Because
-Reason: protein is made of fatty acids that are used as the building blocks to make
skeletal muscle proteins
-Assertion true; reason false
Nutrition - Answer -The science of foods and the nutrients they contain, and of their
actions within the body. Includes the social, economic, cultural and psychological
implications of food and eating
Nutrients - Answer --Macronutrients (energy-yielding): carbohydrates, fats, proteins
-Micronutrients: vitamins and minerals
-Organic: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins
-Inorganic: minerals and water
-Alcohol is not a nutrient - detrimental impact on numerous processes such as growth
and repair
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) - Answer -Is the amount that will offset
deficiency in half the population.
Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) - Answer -Is the amount that will prevent
deficiency in ~98% of the population.
Adequate Intakes (AI) - Answer -Is the amount decided when there is insufficient data
to generate an RDA.
, Upper Tolerable Limit - Answer -Is the amount beyond which a nutrient may become
toxic.
Balanced Weight - Answer -energy consumed = energy expended
Weight Gain - Answer -energy consumed > energy expended
Weight Loss - Answer -energy < energy expended
Energy In - Answer -Food/drinks that contain energy
Energy Out - Answer --Basal Metabolic Rate (MBR) - 65%
-Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) - 20%
-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (EAT) - 10%
-Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF) - 5%
BMR - Answer --Amount of energy needed to maintain metabolic processes at rest
-Measured in the fasted state
- ~1 kcal/kg body weight/hr
-Used to calculate one's resting energy expenditure (REE) - kcal burned over 24 hours
NEAT - Answer -Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expended
for everything we do that is not sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise
EAT - Answer -This refers to the number of calories your burn when you're purposefully
trying to break a sweat
TEF - Answer -The amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb, and
metabolise the food you eat
Calorie - Answer -Energy required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1
degree Celsius
Food Composition - Answer --1g CHO = 4 kcal
-1g FAT = 9kcal
-1g PRO = 4 kcal
1g alcohol = 7 kcal
Light Physical Activity (LPA) - Answer -All intensities of device measured physical
activity, including light intensity are associated with a substantially reduced risk of death
in a dose-response manner
Canadian Definition of Obesity - Answer -A progressive chronic disease characterized
by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that impairs health. Associated with type 2
