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1. Psychotherapy: -nonpharmacological intervention
-used to tx mental health diagnoses or distress
-help clients improve functioning and well-being
-talk therapy
-provided by psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, marriage and family ther
apists, counselors, and PMHNPs
-may include individual, couple, family, or group sessions
-Goals: symptom reduction, improvement in functioning, relapse prevention,
empow- erment, achievement of collaborative goals set by the client & therapist.
2. Methods of Collaboration: Intraprofessional Collaboration
-the interaction and efforts between two disciplines with the same profession
• Potential barriers: tension, large team size, high turnover, lack of familiarity and
common goals, role ambiguity, generational differences, and lack of
undergraduate nursing education on intraprofessional practice.
Transprofessional Collaboration
-includes communication with various disciplines: physicians,
physical/occupational therapy, and social services, along with others to ensure care
is delivered safely
• Potential barrier: lack of training
3. Role of PMHNPs in Psychotherapy: -unique, full-spectrum approach
-may provide psychotherapy in addition to prescribing medications
-providing client and family education
-coordinating care and referrals as a part of the treatment plan
-provide psychotherapy in a variety of ambulatory, emergency depar tment,
inpatient, and outpatient settings
4. Holistic Paradigm of Healing: -holistic model of care with a focus on healing
-Holistic therapy respects the complexity of each unique individual
• appreciating the relationship between the client's mind, body, and spirit
• recognizing the interdependence of all parts of the human system
-Foundational to healing is the relationship between the client and therapist
• Emotional connection in the relationship is critical to the success of psychotherapy
• PMHNP approaches the nurse-client relationship with acceptance, empathy,
pa- tience, and kindness to create a space for healing
-psychotherapy can help the individual accept dysregulation and disharmony in
the present moment
• achieves acceptance of the present, they may be able to let go of resistance, relax,
and release fears
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5. Theoretical Models in Psychotherapy: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Health Belief Model
Transtheoretical Model of Change
6. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: framework for understanding client motivation
-first four levels of need in the hierarchy (physiological needs, safety, love and
belonging, and esteem) are sometimes referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs)
• Motivation decreases once D-needs are met
-highest level of need, self-actualization, is considered a growth or being need
(B-need)
• Once D-needs are met, clients can focus on self-actualization and personal growth
• As the B-need is met, motivation for further growth increases
7. self-actualized person: is self-fulfilled
-Qualities exhibited by the self-actualized person include independence, autonomy
creativity, and maturity
8. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid: TOP: Self-actualization
-Morality, creativity, spontaneity, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts
Esteem
-Self-esteem, respect, achievement, confidence
Love/Belonging
-Friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection with others
Safety
-Security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, and of
health, of property
Bottom: Physiological
-Air, food, water, shelter, clothing, sleep
9. Health Belief Model: -used to explain and predict health behaviors
-a person's belief about a perceived threat of illness combined with belief in the
effectiveness of the recommended action predict the person's willingness to change
-constructs:
• perceived seriousness
• perceived susceptibility
• perceived benefits of treatment
• perceived barriers to treatment
• cues to action
• self-efficacy
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