NUR 6111 – Exam 2 Actual Exam
Questions and Correct Answers
What conditions are associated with delirium? - ANSWER-UTI, thyroid disorders,
hypoxia, hypoglycemia, toxicity, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, renal insufficiency, trauma,
multiple medications
What conditions are associated with dementia? - ANSWER-May have no other
conditions
What is the course of delirium? - ANSWER-Fluctuates and remits with treatment
What is the course with dementia? - ANSWER-chronic slow decline
What is the duration of delirium? - ANSWER-Hours to weeks
What is the duration of dementia? - ANSWER-Months to years
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with delirium? - ANSWER-disrupted
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with dementia? - ANSWER-Usually normal or
frgmented
What is the alertness and orientation with delirium? - ANSWER-impaired
What is the alertness and orientation with dementia? - ANSWER-Normal alertness and
intact early, but impaired later
What behavior is associated with delirium? - ANSWER-Agitation, withdrawn/depressed
What behavior is associated with dementia? - ANSWER-normal
What speech and thoughts are associated with delirium? - ANSWER-Incoherent and
rapid/slow as well as being disorganized and delusional
What speech and thoughts are associated with dementia? - ANSWER-word-finding
problems and impoverished thoughts
What disease is the leading cause of dementia and severe cognitive dysfunction in
older adults? - ANSWER-Alzheimer's Disease
, What genetics have been linked to Alzheimer's Disease? - ANSWER-Amyloid precursor
protein (APP) on Chromosome 21, presenilin (PSEN1) on chromosome 14, and PSEN
2 on chromosome 14
What makes up the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER-Sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system
What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER-Conserving
energy and the body's resources
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER-Catecholamine
release - Epinephrine
Mobilizing energy stores and decreasing release of insulin
Redistributing blood low - Increasing to muscles and lungs (flight) and decreasing to
GI/Integumentary
What are the classifications of primary brain injury? - ANSWER-Focal or diffuse
What are focal brain injuries? - ANSWER-Specific, grossly observable lesions that
occur in a precise location
What are examples of focal brain injuries? - ANSWER-Epidural hemorrhage and
subdural hemorrhage
What are examples of diffuse brain injuries? - ANSWER-Hypoxia, meningitis,
encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
What can happen with increased intracranial pressures? - ANSWER-Collateral
dysfunction such as Diabetes Insipidus
What are characteristics of autonomic hyperreflexia? - ANSWER-Paroxysmal
hypertension, pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above level of lesion with
flushing of skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection causes by pilomotor spasm, and
bradycardia.
What is the sequence of events leading to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia? -
ANSWER-Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve to the sinoatrial nose
The intact autonomic nervous system reflexively responds with arteriolar spasm that
increases blood pressure
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, carotid sinus, and aorta sense the hypertension
and stimulation the parasympathetic nervous system
Questions and Correct Answers
What conditions are associated with delirium? - ANSWER-UTI, thyroid disorders,
hypoxia, hypoglycemia, toxicity, fluid-electrolyte imbalance, renal insufficiency, trauma,
multiple medications
What conditions are associated with dementia? - ANSWER-May have no other
conditions
What is the course of delirium? - ANSWER-Fluctuates and remits with treatment
What is the course with dementia? - ANSWER-chronic slow decline
What is the duration of delirium? - ANSWER-Hours to weeks
What is the duration of dementia? - ANSWER-Months to years
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with delirium? - ANSWER-disrupted
What sleep-wake cycle is noted with dementia? - ANSWER-Usually normal or
frgmented
What is the alertness and orientation with delirium? - ANSWER-impaired
What is the alertness and orientation with dementia? - ANSWER-Normal alertness and
intact early, but impaired later
What behavior is associated with delirium? - ANSWER-Agitation, withdrawn/depressed
What behavior is associated with dementia? - ANSWER-normal
What speech and thoughts are associated with delirium? - ANSWER-Incoherent and
rapid/slow as well as being disorganized and delusional
What speech and thoughts are associated with dementia? - ANSWER-word-finding
problems and impoverished thoughts
What disease is the leading cause of dementia and severe cognitive dysfunction in
older adults? - ANSWER-Alzheimer's Disease
, What genetics have been linked to Alzheimer's Disease? - ANSWER-Amyloid precursor
protein (APP) on Chromosome 21, presenilin (PSEN1) on chromosome 14, and PSEN
2 on chromosome 14
What makes up the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER-Sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system
What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER-Conserving
energy and the body's resources
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER-Catecholamine
release - Epinephrine
Mobilizing energy stores and decreasing release of insulin
Redistributing blood low - Increasing to muscles and lungs (flight) and decreasing to
GI/Integumentary
What are the classifications of primary brain injury? - ANSWER-Focal or diffuse
What are focal brain injuries? - ANSWER-Specific, grossly observable lesions that
occur in a precise location
What are examples of focal brain injuries? - ANSWER-Epidural hemorrhage and
subdural hemorrhage
What are examples of diffuse brain injuries? - ANSWER-Hypoxia, meningitis,
encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
What can happen with increased intracranial pressures? - ANSWER-Collateral
dysfunction such as Diabetes Insipidus
What are characteristics of autonomic hyperreflexia? - ANSWER-Paroxysmal
hypertension, pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above level of lesion with
flushing of skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection causes by pilomotor spasm, and
bradycardia.
What is the sequence of events leading to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia? -
ANSWER-Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve to the sinoatrial nose
The intact autonomic nervous system reflexively responds with arteriolar spasm that
increases blood pressure
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, carotid sinus, and aorta sense the hypertension
and stimulation the parasympathetic nervous system
