KHP 420g Final Exam Questions and Verified Answers
Latest Update 2026/2027 (Graded A+) 100% Correct.
What is the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis? In the Krebs cycle? -
Answer glycolysis = Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
Krebs cycle = Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)
What is the law of mass action? - Answer The principle that reversible
reactions will be driven from the side of the equation where the
concentration is higher to the side where the concentrations lower
H2O + CO2 <---> H2CO3
If concentration of Co2 is low and H2CO3 high reaction driven to the
left
If concentration of CO2 is very high (as it is in tissues) reaction driven to
the right
What is allosteric inhibition? - Answer Allosteric inhibition is the process
by which a regulatory molecule binds to an enzyme in a spot different
from the active site for another molecule. This causes a conformational
change in the active site for the second molecule, preventing binding.
What is the vitamin or mineral derivation of NAD, FAD, Coenzyme Q,
Coenzyme A, myoglobin, and the cytochromes? - Answer NAD: niacin
FAD: riboflavin
,Coenzyme Q: Vitamin E
Coenzyme A: Pantothenic Acid
Myoglobin: Iron
Cytochromes: Iron
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETS? - Answer oxygen
What are the four fates of pyruvate? - Answer 1. Convert to
lactate(sarcoplasm)
2. Converted to an amino acid Alanine (sarcoplasm)
3. Aerobic metabolism- oxaloacetate (mitochondria, aerobic)
4. Aerobic metabolism- Acetyl CoA (mitochondria, aerobic)
How do males and females differ in absolute strength values for the
upper body and lower body? -
Answer Men are ~50% stronger than women in upper body and only
~20% stronger in lower body
How does strength between males and females compare when expressed
relative to body weight, fat free weight, and cross sectional area? -
Answer (1RM strength)/(FFW) - the difference is smaller but is still
there
(1RM strength)/(cross sectional area)- gender differences nearly
disappear
, Plot the male and female strength versus age relationship. Where does
peak strength occur? What are the gender differences? - Answer It
increases and peaks at age 30 then decreases. Up until about 15 years the
lines are similar but men increase after that because of puberty. Both
decline but men are still greater
Anabolic steroids have both androgenic and anabolic effects. Describe
and differentiate androgenic and anabolic effects of steroids. - Answer
Androgenic effects: primary and secondary sex traits (voice, hair, etc)
Anabolic: effect on skeletal muscle growth, increase in red blood cells,
increase in bone growth
How do steroids increase muscle mass? List and describe four factors we
discussed. - Answer Anabolic ( increase in muscle strength)
a. Increase in protein synthesis
b. Increase in amino acid transport
c. Anti catabolic (reduces amount of protein being broken down)
d. Psych-somatic (working harder)
What are the health risks of using anabolic steroids? What three systems
are most commonly affected? List two or three risk factors associated
with each of the three systems. - Answer a. Liver: Elevated liver
enzymes (indicate liver damage), peliosis hepatitis (cysts that can
rupture), liver cancer, cholestasis
(inability of bile transport)
Latest Update 2026/2027 (Graded A+) 100% Correct.
What is the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis? In the Krebs cycle? -
Answer glycolysis = Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
Krebs cycle = Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)
What is the law of mass action? - Answer The principle that reversible
reactions will be driven from the side of the equation where the
concentration is higher to the side where the concentrations lower
H2O + CO2 <---> H2CO3
If concentration of Co2 is low and H2CO3 high reaction driven to the
left
If concentration of CO2 is very high (as it is in tissues) reaction driven to
the right
What is allosteric inhibition? - Answer Allosteric inhibition is the process
by which a regulatory molecule binds to an enzyme in a spot different
from the active site for another molecule. This causes a conformational
change in the active site for the second molecule, preventing binding.
What is the vitamin or mineral derivation of NAD, FAD, Coenzyme Q,
Coenzyme A, myoglobin, and the cytochromes? - Answer NAD: niacin
FAD: riboflavin
,Coenzyme Q: Vitamin E
Coenzyme A: Pantothenic Acid
Myoglobin: Iron
Cytochromes: Iron
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETS? - Answer oxygen
What are the four fates of pyruvate? - Answer 1. Convert to
lactate(sarcoplasm)
2. Converted to an amino acid Alanine (sarcoplasm)
3. Aerobic metabolism- oxaloacetate (mitochondria, aerobic)
4. Aerobic metabolism- Acetyl CoA (mitochondria, aerobic)
How do males and females differ in absolute strength values for the
upper body and lower body? -
Answer Men are ~50% stronger than women in upper body and only
~20% stronger in lower body
How does strength between males and females compare when expressed
relative to body weight, fat free weight, and cross sectional area? -
Answer (1RM strength)/(FFW) - the difference is smaller but is still
there
(1RM strength)/(cross sectional area)- gender differences nearly
disappear
, Plot the male and female strength versus age relationship. Where does
peak strength occur? What are the gender differences? - Answer It
increases and peaks at age 30 then decreases. Up until about 15 years the
lines are similar but men increase after that because of puberty. Both
decline but men are still greater
Anabolic steroids have both androgenic and anabolic effects. Describe
and differentiate androgenic and anabolic effects of steroids. - Answer
Androgenic effects: primary and secondary sex traits (voice, hair, etc)
Anabolic: effect on skeletal muscle growth, increase in red blood cells,
increase in bone growth
How do steroids increase muscle mass? List and describe four factors we
discussed. - Answer Anabolic ( increase in muscle strength)
a. Increase in protein synthesis
b. Increase in amino acid transport
c. Anti catabolic (reduces amount of protein being broken down)
d. Psych-somatic (working harder)
What are the health risks of using anabolic steroids? What three systems
are most commonly affected? List two or three risk factors associated
with each of the three systems. - Answer a. Liver: Elevated liver
enzymes (indicate liver damage), peliosis hepatitis (cysts that can
rupture), liver cancer, cholestasis
(inability of bile transport)
