BIOLOGY CLEP EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Network of interconnected membranes consisting of
Endoplasmic Reticulum
sacs and canals. Transports material
Particles composed of protein and RNA. Function:
Ribosomes
Bodies where proteins are synthesized.
Group of flattened, membranous sacs. Function:
Golgi body, also Golgi
Packages protein molecules for secretion; origin of
Apparatus
lysosomes.
Membranous sacs. Function: Contain enzymes for
Lysosomes
intracellular digestion.
Nonmembranous structure composed of two rodlike
centrioles. Function: Helps distribute chromosomes to
Centrosome
daughter cells during cell reproduction and intiates
formation of cilia.
Hairlike projections attached to basal bodies beneath
Cilia and flagella cell membrane. Function: Propel fluids over cellular
surface and enable certain cells to move.
Thin rods and tubules. Function: Provide support to
Microfilaments and
cytoplasm and help move objects within the
microtubules
cytoplasm; make up cytoskeleton
Porous double membrane that seperates nuclear
Nuclear envelope contents from cytoplasm. Function: controls passage
of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm.
, Fibers composed of protein and DNA molecules.
Chromatin Function: Contains genetic information for protein
synthesis.
The cytiolasm is a semifluid substance representing
Cytoplasm the foundation of the cell. Holds organelles ("little
organs").
Carbohydrates (also called saccharides) are
Chemical structure of
molecular compounds made from just three elements:
carbohydrates
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Saponifiable lipids contain long chain carboxylic
Chemical structure of
acids, or fatty acids, esterified to a "backbone"
lipids
molecule, which is either glycerol or sphingosine.
The primary structure of a protein refers to the linear
sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
Chemical structure of
The primary structure is held together by covalent
proteins
bonds such as peptide bonds, which are made during
the process of protein biosynthesis or translation
Chemical structure of DNA and RNA, are polymers of nucleotides linked in a
nucleic acids chain through phosphodiester bonds
It is a barrier that separates a cell from its surrounding
environment.
Properties of cell Phospholipids
membranes Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Prokaryotic Cells No cell membrane or cell nucleus. Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells All animals and plants
Enzyme-substrate A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds
complex to its substrate molecule(s).
Network of interconnected membranes consisting of
Endoplasmic Reticulum
sacs and canals. Transports material
Particles composed of protein and RNA. Function:
Ribosomes
Bodies where proteins are synthesized.
Group of flattened, membranous sacs. Function:
Golgi body, also Golgi
Packages protein molecules for secretion; origin of
Apparatus
lysosomes.
Membranous sacs. Function: Contain enzymes for
Lysosomes
intracellular digestion.
Nonmembranous structure composed of two rodlike
centrioles. Function: Helps distribute chromosomes to
Centrosome
daughter cells during cell reproduction and intiates
formation of cilia.
Hairlike projections attached to basal bodies beneath
Cilia and flagella cell membrane. Function: Propel fluids over cellular
surface and enable certain cells to move.
Thin rods and tubules. Function: Provide support to
Microfilaments and
cytoplasm and help move objects within the
microtubules
cytoplasm; make up cytoskeleton
Porous double membrane that seperates nuclear
Nuclear envelope contents from cytoplasm. Function: controls passage
of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm.
, Fibers composed of protein and DNA molecules.
Chromatin Function: Contains genetic information for protein
synthesis.
The cytiolasm is a semifluid substance representing
Cytoplasm the foundation of the cell. Holds organelles ("little
organs").
Carbohydrates (also called saccharides) are
Chemical structure of
molecular compounds made from just three elements:
carbohydrates
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Saponifiable lipids contain long chain carboxylic
Chemical structure of
acids, or fatty acids, esterified to a "backbone"
lipids
molecule, which is either glycerol or sphingosine.
The primary structure of a protein refers to the linear
sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
Chemical structure of
The primary structure is held together by covalent
proteins
bonds such as peptide bonds, which are made during
the process of protein biosynthesis or translation
Chemical structure of DNA and RNA, are polymers of nucleotides linked in a
nucleic acids chain through phosphodiester bonds
It is a barrier that separates a cell from its surrounding
environment.
Properties of cell Phospholipids
membranes Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Prokaryotic Cells No cell membrane or cell nucleus. Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells All animals and plants
Enzyme-substrate A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds
complex to its substrate molecule(s).
