NR-566 Pharmacology for Primary Care_Week 5 Immunization paper

Immunizations are an important part of becoming a healthy adult. The process in which a person is made resistant to infectious diseases and illness is through immunizations or vaccines. Vaccines are known to protect people from diseases like Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP) and pneumococcal disease. This paper will highlight the name of 2 diseases and their respected vaccines, along with important information regarding those vaccines. PPSV23 Pneumococcal disease is a pneumococcal infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The preventable vaccination for this bacterium is the Pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV). Its trade name is Pneumovax 23. This vaccine is an inactivated type and is contraindicated in persons with previous history of anaphylactic or severe allergic reaction to any component of the pneumococcal vaccine, have a cochlear implant, or those with a chronic cerebrospinal fluid leak (Micromedex, 2020). Precautions include patients who are immunocompromised (may not have expected antibody response) (Micromedex, 2020). Patients who have an acute illness (vaccination should be deferred) (CDC, 2020). Patients who have a severe cardiovascular or respiratory dysfunction (a systemic reaction could occur) (Micromedex, 2020).When also giving the Zostavax® vaccine, these vaccines should be given separately (at least 4 weeks apart) to avoid a reduced immune response to the Zoster vaccine (CDC, 2020). Adverse drug reactions that can occur are erythema and/or tenderness at injection site, myalgia, and fatigue. The minimum age to receive vaccine is 2 years old and older (ACIP, 2020). All patients between 2 years old and 65 years old receive a one-time dose of 0.5 ml intramuscularly or subcutaneously (ACIP, 2020). Special situations include patients who have never received any pneumococcal vaccines should first be administered a dose of PCV13. After the initial dose of PCV13, at least 8 weeks later a dose of PPSV23 should be given. Administer a second dose PPSV23 at least 5 years after the first dose of PPSV23. Administer one final dose of PPSV23 at age 65 years or older (ACIP, 2020). DTaP Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP) are three infectious diseases in humans and the DTaP is a class of combination vaccines protecting patients against them. The preventable vaccination name is Daptacel®. The trade name is Infanrix and it is an inactivated vaccine. Contraindications include persons with a previous history of anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction to any component of the DTap Vaccine, a progressive neurologic disorder, a gelatin or thimerosal allergy, or encephalopathy (Micromedex, 2020). Precautions consist of a hypersensitivity reactions can occur, after a previous tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccination, defer vaccination for at least 10 years since the last tetanus containing vaccine. (Micromedex, 2020). Patients who are immunocompromised (may not have expected antibody response) (Micromedex, 2020). Latex allergy- Infanrix® vial stopper and tip cap of prefilled syringes may contain latex rubber (Micromedex, 2020). Premature infants- apnea has been observed following IM vaccination, assess risk/benefit prior to administration (Micromedex, 2020). Adverse drug reactions involve syncopal episodes, tonic-clonic movements, paresthesia, visual changes, and other neurological signs (Micromedex, 2020). Injections site cellulitis and cellulitis at other places other than injections site have been reported after administration (CDC, 2020). The minimum age to receive this vaccine is as early as 6 weeks (ACIP, 2020). The routine recommended vaccine schedule (timing and dose) is to Give 0.5 ml IM for 5 doses at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, and 4-6 years (ACIP, 2020).