NUR390 FINAL EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
Notions of Community
· Community as a local scale of analysis (e.g. emergency/disaster
management)
· A network of actors and interactions between people (e.g. neighbourhood
either as the settings where social relations and communal bonds are produced
or as non-geographical networks; focused on everyday life in neighbourhood
locations)
· A totality of social structures within a specific place (e.g. rural community)
· Unstructured interrelations between people (e.g. - beach - surfer, fisherfolk,
tourists)
· An arena for shared identity and belonging together (e.g. community in
times of crisis - community violence)
· Networks of specific types of actors such as professional groups (e.g.
communities of practice and social learning systems)
· Groups of people sharing attachment to a place (e.g. environmental
stewardship and public participation in environmental management)
What are the 3 conceptualizations of community?
1. Place-Based
2. Interaction Based
3. Community of Practice and Interest
These overlap and not mutually exclusive. People are often part of more than
one community.
Interaction Based Community
•Refers to interactions between people which can be conceptualized as social
networks and social capital
•Bonding capital
•Bridging capital
,•Linking capital
• Focus is informal co-operation and everyday life of the inhabitants of the
community.
•In this understanding of community, social capital not bound to a specific
place.
•A group of people with a shared identity (such as the LBGT community), a
shared interest (such as the vegan community), or shared beliefs (like a religious
community). defined by, or who are defined (sometimes self-defined)
Community of Practice and Interest Community
•Refers to specialized networks of actors who share a practice they perform
together. A community can also be a group of people that are linked by
communication media
•Actors engage in common actions and share an identity and align activities
towards a shared goal
•Actors have a shared interest, which promotes collaborative behavior in the
group
•Informal communities - organize themselves and actors within them can
include authorities, civil society organizations and local residents.
•Differ from the interaction-based communities, as the specific trait of
communities of practice and interest is a purpose for the interaction
•Focus is often on learning within the community
•An arena for knowledge dissemination and actors collectively learn how its
tasks should be carried out
• This is important when considering digital communities where people do not
live in the same geographic location but are linked via websites and the
Internet.
•Cultural (identities, norms and values)
Place-Based Community
•Refers to community as a (small) spatially defined entity
• A community is the totality of individuals and social structures within a
specific geographical location.
,•Focus is a specific place, i.e., a village or a residential area, and the
community includes all the inhabitants of the location. Also includes
organizations, institutions and authorities within the place.
It can be defined by a geographical location locality (i.e., block, neighborhood,
precinct, village, town, city, county, region, other)
Another example: This UofT nursing class
Bonding capital
Strong social networks - generated during interactions between people who are
within the same groups and social circles
Bridging capital
Weaker social networks - generated during interactions between different
groups of people that helps to create new contacts
Linking capital
Linkages between those of power and citizens - generated during interactions
between an individual or a community on the one hand and the government or
elected officials on the other
Community
Characterized by a group of people with a shared social identity who are
members of a same set of social representations, which reflect the meanings,
symbols and aspirations through which people make sense of their world.
Community Health
A specific area of public health focused on the health of the people who are part
of a community
Health as defined in the context of community
may be defined differently as a function of a community's experience and
expectations. The definition of ________ in a given community may further
define the enterprise of community health and how community health is put into
action (e.g., the methods, measures, process, and outcomes used for
implementing a community health effort in a given setting).
Functions of a Community
•There to sustain the day-to-day livelihood of their residents. This includes:
- Space and infrastructure for housing, schools, recreation, and government as
, well as health and social services.
- Safe, secure employment and income, including productivity and distribution
through consumption of goods, trading, and economic growth.
- Security, protection, and law enforcement.
- Reliable internet and free public access to computers.
- Participation, socialization, and networking opportunities.
- Linkages with other community systems to facilitate and support growth and
capacity building.
•Communities are not always defined by geographic boundaries and may exist
because of shared interests, occupations, health status, faith, place in society, or
other common bonds.
•Opportunities for safe and secure participation, socialization, and networking
and linkages with other community systems -> facilitate and to support growth
and capacity building in communities not defined by physical boundaries.
3 Dynamics of a Community
1. Communication
2. Leadership
3. Decision Making
Communication
•Effective communication builds trust and relationships and improves
productivity.
•Vertical communication - links communities to larger communities or to those
with higher decision-making power.
•Horizontal communication - connects the community to work collaboratively
with its own members, environment, and other service systems.
•Diagonal communication - reinforces the cohesiveness of both horizontal and
vertical communications.
Leadership
•Leaders guide community members through influencing decision-making
processes and using their status and position most effectively.
•Formal leaders - elected officials or politicians, such as mayors, members of
parliament, or the prime minister.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
Notions of Community
· Community as a local scale of analysis (e.g. emergency/disaster
management)
· A network of actors and interactions between people (e.g. neighbourhood
either as the settings where social relations and communal bonds are produced
or as non-geographical networks; focused on everyday life in neighbourhood
locations)
· A totality of social structures within a specific place (e.g. rural community)
· Unstructured interrelations between people (e.g. - beach - surfer, fisherfolk,
tourists)
· An arena for shared identity and belonging together (e.g. community in
times of crisis - community violence)
· Networks of specific types of actors such as professional groups (e.g.
communities of practice and social learning systems)
· Groups of people sharing attachment to a place (e.g. environmental
stewardship and public participation in environmental management)
What are the 3 conceptualizations of community?
1. Place-Based
2. Interaction Based
3. Community of Practice and Interest
These overlap and not mutually exclusive. People are often part of more than
one community.
Interaction Based Community
•Refers to interactions between people which can be conceptualized as social
networks and social capital
•Bonding capital
•Bridging capital
,•Linking capital
• Focus is informal co-operation and everyday life of the inhabitants of the
community.
•In this understanding of community, social capital not bound to a specific
place.
•A group of people with a shared identity (such as the LBGT community), a
shared interest (such as the vegan community), or shared beliefs (like a religious
community). defined by, or who are defined (sometimes self-defined)
Community of Practice and Interest Community
•Refers to specialized networks of actors who share a practice they perform
together. A community can also be a group of people that are linked by
communication media
•Actors engage in common actions and share an identity and align activities
towards a shared goal
•Actors have a shared interest, which promotes collaborative behavior in the
group
•Informal communities - organize themselves and actors within them can
include authorities, civil society organizations and local residents.
•Differ from the interaction-based communities, as the specific trait of
communities of practice and interest is a purpose for the interaction
•Focus is often on learning within the community
•An arena for knowledge dissemination and actors collectively learn how its
tasks should be carried out
• This is important when considering digital communities where people do not
live in the same geographic location but are linked via websites and the
Internet.
•Cultural (identities, norms and values)
Place-Based Community
•Refers to community as a (small) spatially defined entity
• A community is the totality of individuals and social structures within a
specific geographical location.
,•Focus is a specific place, i.e., a village or a residential area, and the
community includes all the inhabitants of the location. Also includes
organizations, institutions and authorities within the place.
It can be defined by a geographical location locality (i.e., block, neighborhood,
precinct, village, town, city, county, region, other)
Another example: This UofT nursing class
Bonding capital
Strong social networks - generated during interactions between people who are
within the same groups and social circles
Bridging capital
Weaker social networks - generated during interactions between different
groups of people that helps to create new contacts
Linking capital
Linkages between those of power and citizens - generated during interactions
between an individual or a community on the one hand and the government or
elected officials on the other
Community
Characterized by a group of people with a shared social identity who are
members of a same set of social representations, which reflect the meanings,
symbols and aspirations through which people make sense of their world.
Community Health
A specific area of public health focused on the health of the people who are part
of a community
Health as defined in the context of community
may be defined differently as a function of a community's experience and
expectations. The definition of ________ in a given community may further
define the enterprise of community health and how community health is put into
action (e.g., the methods, measures, process, and outcomes used for
implementing a community health effort in a given setting).
Functions of a Community
•There to sustain the day-to-day livelihood of their residents. This includes:
- Space and infrastructure for housing, schools, recreation, and government as
, well as health and social services.
- Safe, secure employment and income, including productivity and distribution
through consumption of goods, trading, and economic growth.
- Security, protection, and law enforcement.
- Reliable internet and free public access to computers.
- Participation, socialization, and networking opportunities.
- Linkages with other community systems to facilitate and support growth and
capacity building.
•Communities are not always defined by geographic boundaries and may exist
because of shared interests, occupations, health status, faith, place in society, or
other common bonds.
•Opportunities for safe and secure participation, socialization, and networking
and linkages with other community systems -> facilitate and to support growth
and capacity building in communities not defined by physical boundaries.
3 Dynamics of a Community
1. Communication
2. Leadership
3. Decision Making
Communication
•Effective communication builds trust and relationships and improves
productivity.
•Vertical communication - links communities to larger communities or to those
with higher decision-making power.
•Horizontal communication - connects the community to work collaboratively
with its own members, environment, and other service systems.
•Diagonal communication - reinforces the cohesiveness of both horizontal and
vertical communications.
Leadership
•Leaders guide community members through influencing decision-making
processes and using their status and position most effectively.
•Formal leaders - elected officials or politicians, such as mayors, members of
parliament, or the prime minister.
