Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmacokinetics — Comprehensive Study Material and Concept Overview

PHARMACOLOOGY, TOXICOLOGY, x x




PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACOLOGY,xTOXICOLOGY,xPHARMACOKINETICSx

1. Twoxdose-




responsexcurvexresponsexplottedxonxthexsamexgraphxshowedxsigmoidxcurvesxhavingxthexsamexslopexandxheig
ht.xTxcurvexisxlocatedxtoxthexrightxofxthexAxcurve.xWhichxofxthexfollowingxstatementsxis/arexcorrectxregarding
xcurvesxAxan:x
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x


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I. AxisxmorexeffectivexthanxBx
II. AxisxmorexpotentxthanxBx
III. AxandxBxhavexthexsamexceilingxdosex
IV. BxisxthexgraphxproducedxwhenxAxisxgivenxwithxitsxcompetitivexantagonistx
V. BxisxthexgraphxproducedxwhenxAxisxgivenxwithxitsxnon-competitivexantagonistx
x

a. OnlyxIxandxIIIxarexcorrectx
b. OnlyxII,xIIIxandxIVxarexcorrectx
c. OnlyxIIxandxIVxarexcorrectx
d. OnlyxIIIxandxVxarexcorrectx
e. OnlyxVxisxcorrectx

, 2. Twoxdose-
responsexcurvexplottedxonxthexsamexgraphxshowedxsigmoidxcurvesxAxandxB,xwherexAxisxatxthexleftxofxthexgra




phxwithxthexheightxgreaterxthanxB.xWhichxofxthexfollowingxstatementsxis/arexcorrectxregardingxcurvesxAxandx
B?x
x


x


x


x


x


x


x



I. AxandxBxhasxequalxefficacyx
II. AxandxBxhavexequalxpotencyx
III. BxisxaxpartialxagonistxofxAx
IV. BxisxthexgraphxproducedxwhenxAxisxgivenxwithxitsxcompetitivexantagonistx
V. BxisxthexgraphxproducedxwhenxAxisxgivenxwithxitsxnon-competitivexantagonistx
x

a. OnlyxIxandxIIIxarexcorrectx
b. OnlyxII,xIIIxandxIVxarexcorrectx
c. OnlyxIIxandxIVxarexcorrectx
d. OnlyxIIIxandxVxarexcorrectx
e. OnlyxVxisxcorrectx

, 3. Thexcumulativexnumberxofxsubjectsxwhoxdisplayxaxcertainxrersponsexorxeffectxtoxaxdrugxisxplottedxonxaxgraphx
asxshownxbelow.xThexgraphxonxthexleftxrepresentsxbeneficialxeffectxwhilexthexgraphxonxthexrightxrepresentsxto
xicxeffect,xwhatxisxthextherapeuticxindexxofxthexdrug?x
x


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x

4. Anxadministrationxofxonexdrugxleadsxtoxaxshiftxinxthexlogxdose-
responsexcurvexofxanotherxdrugxtoxthexleftxaxrangexinxthexmaximalxefficacy,xthisxisxcalledx
a.xAgonismx
b. Partialxagonismx
c. Non-competitivexantagonismx
d. Competitivexantagonismx
e. Potentiationx
5. Thexactionxofxthisxdrugxisxdependentxonxaxcolligativexpropertyx
a. Mannitolx
b. Cocainex
c. Reserpinex
d. Furosemidex
e. Losartanx
6. Whiichxofxthexfollowingxdrugxgroupsxhavexmechanismsxofxaactionxthatxinvolvexbindingxtoxenzymesxasxtarget
xprotiensx

a.xBenzodiazepinesx 3
b.xIxand 6
c.xIIIxonlyxd.xIxand 6
e.xI,xII,xand 6

b. Barbituratesx
c. Calciumxchannelxblockersx
d. Non-steroidalxanti-inflammatoryxagentsx
e. Phenothiazinexantipsychoticsx
7. Voltage-gatedxionxchannelsxservexasxsitexofxactionsxforxdrugsxsuchxasx
I. DiltiazemxandxNifedipinex

, II. LidocainexandxProcainex
III. CaptoprilxandxLosartanx
a.xIxonlyx
8. DrugsxwithxmechanismxofxactionxthatxinvolvesxTubulin-
bindingxleadingxtoxlossxofxfunctionxofxthexstructuralxprotienxincludex
a. Cyclosporinex
b. Neostigminex
c. Colchicinex
d. Glibenclamidex
e. Metforminx
9. WhatxtypexofxprotienxisxprimarilyxtargetedxbyxDigitalisxglycosidesxwhenxtheyxexertxtheirxeffectxonxthexheart?x
a.xReceptorsx
b. Ionxchannelsx
c. Enzymesx
d. Transportersx
e. Structuralxprotiensx
10. Whichxofxthexfollowingxfeaturesxcahracterizexnicotinic,xGABA-A,xandxGlutamatexreceptors?x
a. Thayxcontrolxthexmovementsxofxionsxandxoutxofxthexcellx
b. Theirxactionxisxmediatedxbysecondaryxmessengersx
c. Theyxallxhavexexcitatoryxeffectxonxthexcellxmembranex
d. Theyxarexlocatedxonxthexcytoplasmx
11. Whichxofxthexfollowingxdrugsxbindxtoxreceptorsxlocatedxatxthexcellxmembrane?x
a. Thyroidxhormonex
b. Prednisonex
c. Estrogenx
d. Insulinx
e. VitaminxDx
12. CyclicxAdenosinexMonophophatex(cAMP)xisxgeneratedxasxaxsecondaryxmessengerxbyxthexactionxofxthexenzy
mexAdenylylxCyclase.xThexsubstratexforxthexsynthesisxofxcAMPxisx
a. AMDx
b. ADPx
c. ATPx
d. GTPx
e. Adenosinexx
13. StimulationxofxBeta-adrenoceptor,xaxG-protien-
linkedxreceptorxinvolvesxaxgenerationxofxaxsecondaryxmessengerxknownxasxx
a. IP3x
b. cGTPx
c. DAGx
d. cAMPx
e. Calciumxionsx
14. WhatxisxthexmechanismxofxactionxofxSildenafil,xaxdrugxpopularlyxknownxasxviagra?x
a. Inhibitsxphosphodiesterasex(PDE)xleadingxtoxincreasexcAMPx
b. InhibitsxPDExleadingxtoxincreasexcGMPx
c. StimulatesxadenylylxcyclasexleadingxtoxincreasexcAMPx
d. StimulatesxguanylylxcyclasexleadingxtoxincreasexcGMPx
e. InhibitsxphosphodiesterasexleadingxtoxincreasexcGMPx
15. DrugsxthatxactivatexthexphospholipasexC-inositolxphosphatexsystemxsuchxasxalpha-
adrenergicxagonistsxlikexphenylephrinexprimarilyxcausexanxincreasexinxthexintracellularxlevelsxofxwhichxion?x
a. Calciumx
b. Magnesiumx
c. Sodiumx
d. Potassiumx