Grade 11 Canadian Psychology
Overview of Psychoanalysis
Definition and Core Concepts
● Psychoanalysis is a psychological theory that focuses on treating mental illness
by analyzing thoughts, feelings, and the unconscious mind.
● Techniques used in psychoanalysis include free association, hypnosis, and
dream interpretation, which aim to uncover repressed thoughts and emotions.
● The theory posits that unconscious drives influence behavior and personality,
often stemming from early childhood experiences.
Historical Context and Development
● Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, developed the theory in the late
19th and early 20th centuries, significantly influencing psychology.
● Freud's colleagues, Alfred Adler and Carl Jung, expanded upon and diverged
from his ideas, leading to the development of individual psychology and
analytical psychology, respectively.
● The evolution of psychoanalysis reflects changes in societal attitudes towards
mental health and the understanding of human behavior.
Key Figures in Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
● Austrian-born neurologist and the founding father of psychoanalysis, known for
his theories on the ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO.
● Developed therapeutic techniques such as free association and transference,
which are central to the psychoanalytic process.
● Freud's work emphasized the importance of early childhood experiences in
shaping personality and behavior.
Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
● Founder of Individual Psychology, Adler focused on the concept of the inferiority
complex and its role in personality development.
● He emphasized the importance of social factors and community in psychological
adjustment, differing from Freud's focus on internal drives.
● Adler's theories laid the groundwork for understanding personality in a social
context, highlighting the significance of birth order and social relationships.
Carl Jung (1875-1961)
, ● Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology, introducing concepts such
as extraversion, introversion, and the collective unconscious.
● Jung's work on archetypes and individuation has had a profound impact on
psychology, religion, and the arts.
● He viewed individuation as a central process in human development, integrating
conscious and unconscious elements of the psyche.
Fundamental Principles of Psychoanalysis
Basic Tenets of Psychoanalysis
● Personality is shaped by early childhood events, with unconscious drives
influencing behavior and attitudes.
● Resistance to bringing unconscious drives into conscious awareness is a
common phenomenon, often manifesting as defense mechanisms.
● Conflicts between conscious and unconscious material can lead to psychological
disturbances such as neurosis, anxiety, and depression.
Therapeutic Techniques
● Psychoanalysis aims to liberate unconscious material by bringing it into
conscious awareness through skilled therapeutic intervention.
● Techniques like free association allow patients to express thoughts freely,
revealing hidden emotions and conflicts.
● Dream analysis is used to interpret the symbolic meanings of dreams, providing
insights into the unconscious mind.
Cultural and Historical Impact
Psychoanalysis in Literature and Film
● The film 'A Dangerous Method' explores the complex relationships between
Freud, Jung, and Sabina Spielrein, highlighting the historical context of
psychoanalysis.
● Psychoanalysis has influenced various fields, including literature, art, and
philosophy, shaping cultural narratives around mental health and human
behavior.
● The portrayal of psychoanalytic concepts in media reflects societal attitudes
towards mental illness and therapy.
Critiques and Evolution of Psychoanalysis
● Psychoanalysis has faced criticism for its lack of empirical support and reliance
on subjective interpretations.
● Modern psychology has evolved, incorporating evidence-based practices while
still recognizing the contributions of psychoanalytic theory.
, ● The integration of psychoanalytic concepts into contemporary therapeutic
practices demonstrates the enduring relevance of Freud, Adler, and Jung's ideas.
Overview of Freud's Model of
Consciousness
Key Components of Consciousness
● Freud's model divides the mind into three parts: the conscious mind,
preconscious mind, and unconscious mind, each with distinct functions.
● The conscious mind encompasses thoughts, perceptions, and memories that are
currently in awareness, allowing for logical reasoning and decision-making.
● The preconscious mind, often referred to as the subconscious, contains latent
knowledge that can be accessed but is not actively in use.
● The unconscious mind holds feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are
not accessible to conscious awareness, influencing behavior in subtle ways.
Conscious vs. Subconscious Mind
● The conscious mind is responsible for logical processes, decision-making, and
communication, relying on accessible information.
● The subconscious mind controls physical functions such as breathing and
digestion, as well as emotions, beliefs, and gut instincts, operating independently
of conscious thought.
● Awareness in the conscious mind includes both internal mental functions and
external happenings, while the subconscious mind lacks this awareness.
Levels of Consciousness
● Conscious Level: Involves active thoughts and perceptions that one is aware of
at any given moment.
● Preconscious Level: Contains memories and knowledge that can be easily
recalled, such as fears and stored knowledge.
● Unconscious Level: Houses irrational wishes, immoral urges, and shameful
experiences that are not readily accessible.
Freud's Structural Model of Personality
The Id, Ego, and Superego
● Freud's structural model includes three components: the id, ego, and superego,
each representing different aspects of human psychology.
● Id: Represents basic instincts and biological drives, operating entirely on the
pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification without consideration for
reality or morality.
Overview of Psychoanalysis
Definition and Core Concepts
● Psychoanalysis is a psychological theory that focuses on treating mental illness
by analyzing thoughts, feelings, and the unconscious mind.
● Techniques used in psychoanalysis include free association, hypnosis, and
dream interpretation, which aim to uncover repressed thoughts and emotions.
● The theory posits that unconscious drives influence behavior and personality,
often stemming from early childhood experiences.
Historical Context and Development
● Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, developed the theory in the late
19th and early 20th centuries, significantly influencing psychology.
● Freud's colleagues, Alfred Adler and Carl Jung, expanded upon and diverged
from his ideas, leading to the development of individual psychology and
analytical psychology, respectively.
● The evolution of psychoanalysis reflects changes in societal attitudes towards
mental health and the understanding of human behavior.
Key Figures in Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
● Austrian-born neurologist and the founding father of psychoanalysis, known for
his theories on the ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO.
● Developed therapeutic techniques such as free association and transference,
which are central to the psychoanalytic process.
● Freud's work emphasized the importance of early childhood experiences in
shaping personality and behavior.
Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
● Founder of Individual Psychology, Adler focused on the concept of the inferiority
complex and its role in personality development.
● He emphasized the importance of social factors and community in psychological
adjustment, differing from Freud's focus on internal drives.
● Adler's theories laid the groundwork for understanding personality in a social
context, highlighting the significance of birth order and social relationships.
Carl Jung (1875-1961)
, ● Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology, introducing concepts such
as extraversion, introversion, and the collective unconscious.
● Jung's work on archetypes and individuation has had a profound impact on
psychology, religion, and the arts.
● He viewed individuation as a central process in human development, integrating
conscious and unconscious elements of the psyche.
Fundamental Principles of Psychoanalysis
Basic Tenets of Psychoanalysis
● Personality is shaped by early childhood events, with unconscious drives
influencing behavior and attitudes.
● Resistance to bringing unconscious drives into conscious awareness is a
common phenomenon, often manifesting as defense mechanisms.
● Conflicts between conscious and unconscious material can lead to psychological
disturbances such as neurosis, anxiety, and depression.
Therapeutic Techniques
● Psychoanalysis aims to liberate unconscious material by bringing it into
conscious awareness through skilled therapeutic intervention.
● Techniques like free association allow patients to express thoughts freely,
revealing hidden emotions and conflicts.
● Dream analysis is used to interpret the symbolic meanings of dreams, providing
insights into the unconscious mind.
Cultural and Historical Impact
Psychoanalysis in Literature and Film
● The film 'A Dangerous Method' explores the complex relationships between
Freud, Jung, and Sabina Spielrein, highlighting the historical context of
psychoanalysis.
● Psychoanalysis has influenced various fields, including literature, art, and
philosophy, shaping cultural narratives around mental health and human
behavior.
● The portrayal of psychoanalytic concepts in media reflects societal attitudes
towards mental illness and therapy.
Critiques and Evolution of Psychoanalysis
● Psychoanalysis has faced criticism for its lack of empirical support and reliance
on subjective interpretations.
● Modern psychology has evolved, incorporating evidence-based practices while
still recognizing the contributions of psychoanalytic theory.
, ● The integration of psychoanalytic concepts into contemporary therapeutic
practices demonstrates the enduring relevance of Freud, Adler, and Jung's ideas.
Overview of Freud's Model of
Consciousness
Key Components of Consciousness
● Freud's model divides the mind into three parts: the conscious mind,
preconscious mind, and unconscious mind, each with distinct functions.
● The conscious mind encompasses thoughts, perceptions, and memories that are
currently in awareness, allowing for logical reasoning and decision-making.
● The preconscious mind, often referred to as the subconscious, contains latent
knowledge that can be accessed but is not actively in use.
● The unconscious mind holds feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are
not accessible to conscious awareness, influencing behavior in subtle ways.
Conscious vs. Subconscious Mind
● The conscious mind is responsible for logical processes, decision-making, and
communication, relying on accessible information.
● The subconscious mind controls physical functions such as breathing and
digestion, as well as emotions, beliefs, and gut instincts, operating independently
of conscious thought.
● Awareness in the conscious mind includes both internal mental functions and
external happenings, while the subconscious mind lacks this awareness.
Levels of Consciousness
● Conscious Level: Involves active thoughts and perceptions that one is aware of
at any given moment.
● Preconscious Level: Contains memories and knowledge that can be easily
recalled, such as fears and stored knowledge.
● Unconscious Level: Houses irrational wishes, immoral urges, and shameful
experiences that are not readily accessible.
Freud's Structural Model of Personality
The Id, Ego, and Superego
● Freud's structural model includes three components: the id, ego, and superego,
each representing different aspects of human psychology.
● Id: Represents basic instincts and biological drives, operating entirely on the
pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification without consideration for
reality or morality.
