Health and Wellness - Final Exam –
Chamberlain Latest Update 2025/2026
GRADED A+
defining health and wellness - correct answer"a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO 1948)
health and wellness: more definitions - correct answertraditional Chinese medicine
(balance between the opposite energy forces of yin and yang, health as balance.
-ayurveda: traditional indian medical system health is the trinity of mind body and spirit
-nursing theorist jean watson: health includes overall physical social and mental
functioning, the ability to maintain balance and functioning on a day to day basis and the
absence of illness or the ability to address the illness constructively
health as perception - correct answerunder this definition, someone with a terminal
illness can be healthy. THE HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUM?
defining illness - correct answerwhat is illness and what causes it? is illness more than a
pathology affecting an organ or body system?
illness is like pain - correct answerPATIENT PERCEPTION IS KEY
nurse discussion question - correct answername one thing that you believe causes
illness that you can influence as a nurse
nurses' understanding of health and illness - correct answerexperiences unique to each
individual, illness usually described in terms of how it makes a person feel, what is the
LIVED EXPERIENCE of the illness or disease process?
levels of prevention - correct answertraditional stages of prevention are primary,
secondary and tertiary
primary prevention - correct answertrue health promotion; interventions to promote and
improve health before illness or injury occur
secondary intervention - correct answerfor individuals experiencing health issues or
problems, in order to prevent worsening of the problems or permanent injury or effect
tertiary prevention - correct answerinterventions for individuals with permanent injury or
chronic illness, in order to minimize the effect of long term illness or permanent disbility
,stages of behavioral change - correct answerpre-contemplation, contemplation,
preparation, action and maintenance stage
precontemplation - correct answernot intending to make changes within the next six
months
contemplation - correct answerconsidering a change within the next six months
preparation - correct answermaking small changes in preparation for a change in the
next month
action - correct answeractively engaged in strategies to change behavior; lasts up to 6
months
maintenance stage - correct answersustained change over time, begins 6 months after
action has started and continues indefinitely
health promotion across lifespan - correct answerdifferent life stages require different
types of health promotion
stages - correct answerpregnancy (gestation), neonatal, infancy, toddler, preschool,
school age, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and older adulthood
pregnancy (gestation) health promotion - correct answerplanned pregnancy, chronic
disease, nutrition, obesity, mental health, social support, substance abuse, violence,
transition to parenting, breastfeeding
key components about growth and development across lifespan - correct answergrowth
and development follow an orderly predictable pattern,
-growth follows a cephalocadual pattern from the head then the chest trunk and lower
extremities
-development proceeds in a proximodistal pattern (general to specific)
-beginning at center of body and moving outward
-simple skills develop independently and separately, then are used to learn more
complex skills
-each body system grows at its own rate
several developmental theories - correct answer-robert havinghursts, sigmund freud,
jean piagets, erik erikson
robert havinghurst's developmental tasks - correct answersix major stages of life
(infants toddlers preschool and school age adolescents young adults middle adults
older adults) with each stage having specific physical cognitive and social development
tasks leads to imbalance within the individual and difficult mastering further tasks
,sigmund freuds psychoanalytic theory - correct answerhuman growth and development
is based on basic instinctual drives including libido sexual instinct, aggression, and
survival. these drives are in effect starting from birth and have differing weight
depending on the psychosexual development stage which includes the oral, anal,
phallic, latency and genital stages
jean piagets cognitive development theory - correct answercognitive devlopment occurs
in four sequential stages from birth to adolescence, and competency in each stage must
be achieved in order to move on to the next stage, these stages include sensorymotor,
preoperational thought, concrete operations and formal operations
** important to understand these stages especially in terms of nursing care and
education !!!
Erikson's psychosocial development theory - correct answerindividuals must navigate
eight stages as they progress through lifespan; failure to navigate a stage can lead to
maladjustment though people can regress during times of stress and illness ***theory
widely used in nursing and in health care.
stage 1 (birth to 18 months) - correct answertrust vs mistrust
stage 2 (18-36) - correct answerautnomy vs shame and doubt
stage 3 (3-5 yrs) - correct answerinitiative vs guilt
stage 4 (6-11 yrs old) - correct answerindustry vs inferiority
stage 5 (11-21) - correct answeridentity vs role confusion
stage 6 (21-40) - correct answerintimacy vs isolation
stage 7 (40-65) - correct answergenerativity vs stagnation
stage 8 (over 65) - correct answerintegrity vs despair
infancy/toddler - correct answerbonding, safety, feeding, growth and development,
sleep (where how much), basic care, vaccinations, family support, proper stimulation (vs
screen time)
childhood - correct answergrowth and development, visual/hearing screens,
school/educational progress, interaction with peers, vaccinations, safety, obesity, sleep,
exercise/activity family, social support, mental health
adolescence - correct answersafety, school/work, peer relationships, family
relationships/support, depression/mental state, substance abuse, sexuality/identity, self
concept self image, body image, role relationship, vaccinations, obesity,
homelessness?, self care practices, and sleep
, young adulthood - correct answerrole relationship (independence), self image, self
concept, nutrition, exercise, obesity, secuality/reproduction, safety, mental health, family
relationships/support, substance abuse, health screening for cervical cancer, STI
hepatitis, breast/testes, genetic screening for pregnancy
middle adulthood - correct answerhealth screening USPTF onset of chronic diseases,
diabetes, lipid profile, colonscopy, mammogram PAP hepatitis and STI, nutrition,
exercise, obsesity, self care/stress management, role relationship, mental health,
substance abuse, safety
older adult - correct answerrole relationship, independence ADL IADLs, activityexercise,
mental health, substance abuse, safety, nutrition, family support, medications and
USPTF:stop screening!
major challenged of health and wellness - correct answerhealth and wellness do not
occur only on the individual level: health ecology model, nurses need to understand the
major challenges to health and wellness on a global and national level, nurses need to
promote health on all levels: individuals, family, community, state, national and global!!!
***nurses need to make their own health and wellness a priority
cardiovascular health - correct answerglobal cardiovascular health promotion and
disease prevention: 2011 and beyond
CVD key points - correct answerglobal health crisis affecting all nations. CVD includes...
-ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease (number 1 and number 2 causes
of death at a global level by the year 2020!!!!!)
**these two diseases will also be the number one and number three causes of life years
lost and number one and number four causes of disability
cardiovascular health promotion - correct answerthe cost of CVD in the US will reach
1.1 trillion dollars annually by 2030. INTERHEART and INTERSTROKE studies
researched the causes of heart disease and stroke in 52 and 22 countries respectively
and found that they were universal factors that accounted for >90 percent of the
riskfactors for this disease!!!
heart disease risk favtors - correct answerabnormal lipids, smoking, hypertension,
diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, consumption of fruits cegetables and
alcohol and regular physical activity account for most of the risk of MI worldwide in both
sexes and all ages???
stroke - correct answerHYPERTENSION WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THESE
FOR ALL STROKE SUBTYES ESPECIALLY FOR INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.
blood oressure can be easily measures in many settings and can be targeted for
reduction through lifestyle and policy approaches
***THIS IS WHAT NURSES DO: ADDRESS THE FACTORS CAUSING 90% OF RISK
Chamberlain Latest Update 2025/2026
GRADED A+
defining health and wellness - correct answer"a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO 1948)
health and wellness: more definitions - correct answertraditional Chinese medicine
(balance between the opposite energy forces of yin and yang, health as balance.
-ayurveda: traditional indian medical system health is the trinity of mind body and spirit
-nursing theorist jean watson: health includes overall physical social and mental
functioning, the ability to maintain balance and functioning on a day to day basis and the
absence of illness or the ability to address the illness constructively
health as perception - correct answerunder this definition, someone with a terminal
illness can be healthy. THE HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUM?
defining illness - correct answerwhat is illness and what causes it? is illness more than a
pathology affecting an organ or body system?
illness is like pain - correct answerPATIENT PERCEPTION IS KEY
nurse discussion question - correct answername one thing that you believe causes
illness that you can influence as a nurse
nurses' understanding of health and illness - correct answerexperiences unique to each
individual, illness usually described in terms of how it makes a person feel, what is the
LIVED EXPERIENCE of the illness or disease process?
levels of prevention - correct answertraditional stages of prevention are primary,
secondary and tertiary
primary prevention - correct answertrue health promotion; interventions to promote and
improve health before illness or injury occur
secondary intervention - correct answerfor individuals experiencing health issues or
problems, in order to prevent worsening of the problems or permanent injury or effect
tertiary prevention - correct answerinterventions for individuals with permanent injury or
chronic illness, in order to minimize the effect of long term illness or permanent disbility
,stages of behavioral change - correct answerpre-contemplation, contemplation,
preparation, action and maintenance stage
precontemplation - correct answernot intending to make changes within the next six
months
contemplation - correct answerconsidering a change within the next six months
preparation - correct answermaking small changes in preparation for a change in the
next month
action - correct answeractively engaged in strategies to change behavior; lasts up to 6
months
maintenance stage - correct answersustained change over time, begins 6 months after
action has started and continues indefinitely
health promotion across lifespan - correct answerdifferent life stages require different
types of health promotion
stages - correct answerpregnancy (gestation), neonatal, infancy, toddler, preschool,
school age, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and older adulthood
pregnancy (gestation) health promotion - correct answerplanned pregnancy, chronic
disease, nutrition, obesity, mental health, social support, substance abuse, violence,
transition to parenting, breastfeeding
key components about growth and development across lifespan - correct answergrowth
and development follow an orderly predictable pattern,
-growth follows a cephalocadual pattern from the head then the chest trunk and lower
extremities
-development proceeds in a proximodistal pattern (general to specific)
-beginning at center of body and moving outward
-simple skills develop independently and separately, then are used to learn more
complex skills
-each body system grows at its own rate
several developmental theories - correct answer-robert havinghursts, sigmund freud,
jean piagets, erik erikson
robert havinghurst's developmental tasks - correct answersix major stages of life
(infants toddlers preschool and school age adolescents young adults middle adults
older adults) with each stage having specific physical cognitive and social development
tasks leads to imbalance within the individual and difficult mastering further tasks
,sigmund freuds psychoanalytic theory - correct answerhuman growth and development
is based on basic instinctual drives including libido sexual instinct, aggression, and
survival. these drives are in effect starting from birth and have differing weight
depending on the psychosexual development stage which includes the oral, anal,
phallic, latency and genital stages
jean piagets cognitive development theory - correct answercognitive devlopment occurs
in four sequential stages from birth to adolescence, and competency in each stage must
be achieved in order to move on to the next stage, these stages include sensorymotor,
preoperational thought, concrete operations and formal operations
** important to understand these stages especially in terms of nursing care and
education !!!
Erikson's psychosocial development theory - correct answerindividuals must navigate
eight stages as they progress through lifespan; failure to navigate a stage can lead to
maladjustment though people can regress during times of stress and illness ***theory
widely used in nursing and in health care.
stage 1 (birth to 18 months) - correct answertrust vs mistrust
stage 2 (18-36) - correct answerautnomy vs shame and doubt
stage 3 (3-5 yrs) - correct answerinitiative vs guilt
stage 4 (6-11 yrs old) - correct answerindustry vs inferiority
stage 5 (11-21) - correct answeridentity vs role confusion
stage 6 (21-40) - correct answerintimacy vs isolation
stage 7 (40-65) - correct answergenerativity vs stagnation
stage 8 (over 65) - correct answerintegrity vs despair
infancy/toddler - correct answerbonding, safety, feeding, growth and development,
sleep (where how much), basic care, vaccinations, family support, proper stimulation (vs
screen time)
childhood - correct answergrowth and development, visual/hearing screens,
school/educational progress, interaction with peers, vaccinations, safety, obesity, sleep,
exercise/activity family, social support, mental health
adolescence - correct answersafety, school/work, peer relationships, family
relationships/support, depression/mental state, substance abuse, sexuality/identity, self
concept self image, body image, role relationship, vaccinations, obesity,
homelessness?, self care practices, and sleep
, young adulthood - correct answerrole relationship (independence), self image, self
concept, nutrition, exercise, obesity, secuality/reproduction, safety, mental health, family
relationships/support, substance abuse, health screening for cervical cancer, STI
hepatitis, breast/testes, genetic screening for pregnancy
middle adulthood - correct answerhealth screening USPTF onset of chronic diseases,
diabetes, lipid profile, colonscopy, mammogram PAP hepatitis and STI, nutrition,
exercise, obsesity, self care/stress management, role relationship, mental health,
substance abuse, safety
older adult - correct answerrole relationship, independence ADL IADLs, activityexercise,
mental health, substance abuse, safety, nutrition, family support, medications and
USPTF:stop screening!
major challenged of health and wellness - correct answerhealth and wellness do not
occur only on the individual level: health ecology model, nurses need to understand the
major challenges to health and wellness on a global and national level, nurses need to
promote health on all levels: individuals, family, community, state, national and global!!!
***nurses need to make their own health and wellness a priority
cardiovascular health - correct answerglobal cardiovascular health promotion and
disease prevention: 2011 and beyond
CVD key points - correct answerglobal health crisis affecting all nations. CVD includes...
-ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease (number 1 and number 2 causes
of death at a global level by the year 2020!!!!!)
**these two diseases will also be the number one and number three causes of life years
lost and number one and number four causes of disability
cardiovascular health promotion - correct answerthe cost of CVD in the US will reach
1.1 trillion dollars annually by 2030. INTERHEART and INTERSTROKE studies
researched the causes of heart disease and stroke in 52 and 22 countries respectively
and found that they were universal factors that accounted for >90 percent of the
riskfactors for this disease!!!
heart disease risk favtors - correct answerabnormal lipids, smoking, hypertension,
diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychosocial factors, consumption of fruits cegetables and
alcohol and regular physical activity account for most of the risk of MI worldwide in both
sexes and all ages???
stroke - correct answerHYPERTENSION WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THESE
FOR ALL STROKE SUBTYES ESPECIALLY FOR INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.
blood oressure can be easily measures in many settings and can be targeted for
reduction through lifestyle and policy approaches
***THIS IS WHAT NURSES DO: ADDRESS THE FACTORS CAUSING 90% OF RISK
