INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT C954 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
3D printing - ANSWERBuilds—layer by layer in an additive process—a three-
dimensional solid object from a digital model.
acceptable use policy (AUP) - ANSWERA policy that a user must agree to follow in
order to be provided access to a network or to the Internet.
access point (AP) - ANSWERThe computer or network device that serves as an
interface between devices and the network.
accessibility - ANSWERRefers to the varying levels that define what a user can access,
view, or perform when operating a system.
accounting - ANSWERAnalyzes the transactional information of the business so the
owners and investors can make sound economic decisions.
accounting and finance ERP component - ANSWERManages accounting data and
financial processes within the enterprise with functions such as general ledger,
accounts payable, accounts receivable, budgeting, and asset management.
accounting department - ANSWERProvides quantitative information about the finances
of the business including recording, measuring, and describing financial information.
active RFID tags - ANSWERHave their own transmitter and a power source (typically a
battery).
adaptive computer device - ANSWERInput devices designed for special applications for
use by people with different types of special needs.
administrator access - ANSWERUnrestricted access to the entire system.
advanced encryption standard (AES) - ANSWERIntroduced by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), AES is an encryption standard designed to keep
government information secure.
adware - ANSWERSoftware that, although purporting to serve some useful function and
often fulfilling that function, also allows Internet advertisers to display advertisements
without the consent of the computer user.
,affinity grouping analysis - ANSWERReveals the relationship between variables along
with the nature and frequency of the relationships.
Agile BI - ANSWERAn approach to business intelligence (BI) that incorporates Agile
software development methodologies to accelerate and improve the outcomes of BI
initiatives.
agile methodology - ANSWERAims for customer satisfaction through early and
continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process
with a design point that uses the bare minimum requirements.
agile MIS infrastructure - ANSWERIncludes the hardware, software, and
telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying
foundation to support the organization's goals.
algorithm - ANSWERA mathematical formula placed in software that performs an
analysis on a data set.
ambient digital experience - ANSWERA blend of the physical, virtual, and electronic
environments creating a real-time ambient environment that changes as the user moves
from one place to another.
analysis latency - ANSWERThe time from which data are made available to the time
when analysis is complete.
analysis paralysis - ANSWEROccurs when the user goes into an emotional state of
over-analysis (or over-thinking) a situation so that a decision or action is never taken, in
effect paralyzing the outcome.
analysis phase - ANSWERAnalyzing end-user business requirements and refining
project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system.
analytical information - ANSWEREncompasses all organizational information, and its
primary purpose is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks.
analytics - ANSWERThe science of fact-based decision making.
anomoly detection - ANSWERThe process of identifying rare or unexpected items or
events in a data set that do not conform to other items in the data set.
anti-spam policy - ANSWERStates that email users will not send unsolicited emails (or
spam).
antivirus software - ANSWERScans and searches hard drives to prevent, detect, and
remove known viruses, adware, and spyware.
,appliance - ANSWERA computer dedicated to a single function, such as a calculator or
computer game.
application programming interface (API) - ANSWERA set of routines, protocols, and
tools for building software applications.
application service provider license - ANSWERSpecialty software paid for on a license
basis or per-use basis or usage-based licensing.
application software - ANSWERUsed for specific information processing needs,
including payroll, customer relationship management, project management, training,
and many others.
arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) - ANSWERPerforms all arithmetic operations (for example,
addition and subtraction) and all logic operations (such as sorting and comparing
numbers).
artificial intelligence (AI) - ANSWERSimulates human intelligence such as the ability to
reason and learn.
As-Is process model - ANSWERRepresents the current state of the operation that has
been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes.
asset - ANSWERAnything owned that has value or earning power.
asset tracking - ANSWEROccurs when a company places active or semipassive RFID
tags on expensive products or assets to gather data on the items' location with little or
no manual intervention.
asynchronous communication - ANSWERCommunication such as email in which the
message and the response do not occur at the same time.
attribute - ANSWERThe data elements associated with an entity.
augmented reality - ANSWERThe viewing of the physical world with computer-
generated layers of information added to it.
authentication - ANSWERA method for confirming users' identities.
authorization - ANSWERThe process of providing a user with permission including
access levels and abilities such as file access, hours of access, and amount of allocated
storage space.
automatic vehicle location (AVL) - ANSWERUses GPS tracking to track vehicles.
, autonomic computing - ANSWERA self-managing computing model named after, and
patterned on, the human body's autonomic nervous system.
autonomous agent - ANSWERSoftware that carries out some set of operations on
behalf of a user or another program with some degree of independence or autonomy,
and employ some knowledge or representation of the user's goals or desires.
availability - ANSWERRefers to the time frames when the system is operational.
backup - ANSWERAn exact copy of a system's information.
backward integration - ANSWERTakes information entered into a given system and
sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes.
balance sheet - ANSWERGives an accounting picture of property owned by a company
and of claims against the property on a specific date.
balanced scorecard - ANSWERA management system, in addition to a measurement
system, that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them
into action.
behavioral analytics - ANSWERUses data about people's behaviors to understand
intent and predict future actions.
benchmark - ANSWERBaseline values the system seeks to attain.
benchmarking - ANSWERThe process of continuously measuring system results,
comparing those results to optimal system performance (benchmark values), and
identifying steps and procedures to improve system performance.
best practices - ANSWERThe most successful solutions or problem-solving methods
that have been developed by a specific organization or industry.
big data - ANSWERA collection of large, complex data sets, including structured and
unstructured data, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and
tools.
Big Data as a Service (BDaaS) - ANSWEROffers a cloud-based Big Data service to
help organizations analyze massive amounts of data to solve business dilemmas.
biological 3D printing - ANSWERIncludes the printing of skin and organs and is
progressing from theory to reality, however, politicians and the public do not have a full
understanding of the implications.
biometrics - ANSWERThe identification of a user based on a physical characteristic,
such as a fingerprint, iris, face, voice, or handwriting.
MANAGEMENT C954 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
3D printing - ANSWERBuilds—layer by layer in an additive process—a three-
dimensional solid object from a digital model.
acceptable use policy (AUP) - ANSWERA policy that a user must agree to follow in
order to be provided access to a network or to the Internet.
access point (AP) - ANSWERThe computer or network device that serves as an
interface between devices and the network.
accessibility - ANSWERRefers to the varying levels that define what a user can access,
view, or perform when operating a system.
accounting - ANSWERAnalyzes the transactional information of the business so the
owners and investors can make sound economic decisions.
accounting and finance ERP component - ANSWERManages accounting data and
financial processes within the enterprise with functions such as general ledger,
accounts payable, accounts receivable, budgeting, and asset management.
accounting department - ANSWERProvides quantitative information about the finances
of the business including recording, measuring, and describing financial information.
active RFID tags - ANSWERHave their own transmitter and a power source (typically a
battery).
adaptive computer device - ANSWERInput devices designed for special applications for
use by people with different types of special needs.
administrator access - ANSWERUnrestricted access to the entire system.
advanced encryption standard (AES) - ANSWERIntroduced by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), AES is an encryption standard designed to keep
government information secure.
adware - ANSWERSoftware that, although purporting to serve some useful function and
often fulfilling that function, also allows Internet advertisers to display advertisements
without the consent of the computer user.
,affinity grouping analysis - ANSWERReveals the relationship between variables along
with the nature and frequency of the relationships.
Agile BI - ANSWERAn approach to business intelligence (BI) that incorporates Agile
software development methodologies to accelerate and improve the outcomes of BI
initiatives.
agile methodology - ANSWERAims for customer satisfaction through early and
continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process
with a design point that uses the bare minimum requirements.
agile MIS infrastructure - ANSWERIncludes the hardware, software, and
telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying
foundation to support the organization's goals.
algorithm - ANSWERA mathematical formula placed in software that performs an
analysis on a data set.
ambient digital experience - ANSWERA blend of the physical, virtual, and electronic
environments creating a real-time ambient environment that changes as the user moves
from one place to another.
analysis latency - ANSWERThe time from which data are made available to the time
when analysis is complete.
analysis paralysis - ANSWEROccurs when the user goes into an emotional state of
over-analysis (or over-thinking) a situation so that a decision or action is never taken, in
effect paralyzing the outcome.
analysis phase - ANSWERAnalyzing end-user business requirements and refining
project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system.
analytical information - ANSWEREncompasses all organizational information, and its
primary purpose is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks.
analytics - ANSWERThe science of fact-based decision making.
anomoly detection - ANSWERThe process of identifying rare or unexpected items or
events in a data set that do not conform to other items in the data set.
anti-spam policy - ANSWERStates that email users will not send unsolicited emails (or
spam).
antivirus software - ANSWERScans and searches hard drives to prevent, detect, and
remove known viruses, adware, and spyware.
,appliance - ANSWERA computer dedicated to a single function, such as a calculator or
computer game.
application programming interface (API) - ANSWERA set of routines, protocols, and
tools for building software applications.
application service provider license - ANSWERSpecialty software paid for on a license
basis or per-use basis or usage-based licensing.
application software - ANSWERUsed for specific information processing needs,
including payroll, customer relationship management, project management, training,
and many others.
arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) - ANSWERPerforms all arithmetic operations (for example,
addition and subtraction) and all logic operations (such as sorting and comparing
numbers).
artificial intelligence (AI) - ANSWERSimulates human intelligence such as the ability to
reason and learn.
As-Is process model - ANSWERRepresents the current state of the operation that has
been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes.
asset - ANSWERAnything owned that has value or earning power.
asset tracking - ANSWEROccurs when a company places active or semipassive RFID
tags on expensive products or assets to gather data on the items' location with little or
no manual intervention.
asynchronous communication - ANSWERCommunication such as email in which the
message and the response do not occur at the same time.
attribute - ANSWERThe data elements associated with an entity.
augmented reality - ANSWERThe viewing of the physical world with computer-
generated layers of information added to it.
authentication - ANSWERA method for confirming users' identities.
authorization - ANSWERThe process of providing a user with permission including
access levels and abilities such as file access, hours of access, and amount of allocated
storage space.
automatic vehicle location (AVL) - ANSWERUses GPS tracking to track vehicles.
, autonomic computing - ANSWERA self-managing computing model named after, and
patterned on, the human body's autonomic nervous system.
autonomous agent - ANSWERSoftware that carries out some set of operations on
behalf of a user or another program with some degree of independence or autonomy,
and employ some knowledge or representation of the user's goals or desires.
availability - ANSWERRefers to the time frames when the system is operational.
backup - ANSWERAn exact copy of a system's information.
backward integration - ANSWERTakes information entered into a given system and
sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes.
balance sheet - ANSWERGives an accounting picture of property owned by a company
and of claims against the property on a specific date.
balanced scorecard - ANSWERA management system, in addition to a measurement
system, that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them
into action.
behavioral analytics - ANSWERUses data about people's behaviors to understand
intent and predict future actions.
benchmark - ANSWERBaseline values the system seeks to attain.
benchmarking - ANSWERThe process of continuously measuring system results,
comparing those results to optimal system performance (benchmark values), and
identifying steps and procedures to improve system performance.
best practices - ANSWERThe most successful solutions or problem-solving methods
that have been developed by a specific organization or industry.
big data - ANSWERA collection of large, complex data sets, including structured and
unstructured data, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and
tools.
Big Data as a Service (BDaaS) - ANSWEROffers a cloud-based Big Data service to
help organizations analyze massive amounts of data to solve business dilemmas.
biological 3D printing - ANSWERIncludes the printing of skin and organs and is
progressing from theory to reality, however, politicians and the public do not have a full
understanding of the implications.
biometrics - ANSWERThe identification of a user based on a physical characteristic,
such as a fingerprint, iris, face, voice, or handwriting.
