Microbiology: An introduction
(Tortora) Chapter 1 And 2 Test Bank
Test and Correct Answers.
Microbes (Microorganisms) - Answer Minute living things individually too small to be seen
w/ unaided eye. Includes bacteria, protozoa, microscopic algae, archaea, fungi, multicellular
animal parasites
Pathogenic microorganisms - Answer Disease-carrying organisms that are too small to be
seen with the naked eye
Genus - Answer (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species
Specific eithet (species) - Answer Name that follows genus, not capitalized.
Bacteria (singular bacterium) - Answer Simple, single-celled, prokaryotic organisms, have
peptidoglycan cell walls, reproduce through binary fission. Make energy by use of organic and
inorganic chemicals, and/or through photosynthesis
Prokaryotes - Answer A single-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane-
bound organelles
Archaea - Answer Prokaryotic single-celled organisms that lack peptidoglycan in their cells
walls. Live in extreme environments. Divided into three subsets: Methanogens, Extreme
Halophiles, Thermophiles.
Fungi (sing: fungus) - Answer Eukaryotes, Chitin cell walls, Use organic chemicals for energy,
Molds and mushrooms are multicellular,
consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae. Yeasts are
unicellular
Eukaryotes - Answer All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Bounded by a
cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organelles suspended in a semifluid
medium called cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organized into
chromosomes located in the nucleus.
, Algae (sing: alga) - Answer Eukaryotes, Cellulose cell walls. Use photosynthesis for energy.
Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds
Viruses - Answer Acellular, Consists of DNA or RNA core, Core is surrounded by a protein
coat, Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope, Are replicated only when they are in a living host
cell
Helminths - Answer Parasitic flatworms and roundworms
Cell Theory - Answer Theory that all living things are composed of cells
Spontaneous generation - Answer Hypothesis stating that life could arise from nonliving
matter.
Biogenesis - Answer the production of living organisms from other living organisms
Aseptic techniques - Answer Techniques that prevent contamination by unwanted
microorganisms, which are now standard practice in laboratory and medical procedures
Fermentation - Answer Conversion of sugar to alcohol to make wine and beer.
Microorganisms called yeasts convert sugars to alcohol in the absence of air.
Pasteurization - Answer Solution credited to Pasteur for spoilage. A process of heating food
to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of
the food.
Germ theory of disease - Answer Idea that infectious diseases are caused by
microorganisms, or germs.
Koch's postulates - Answer Sequence of experimental steps used for directly relating a
specific microbe to a specific disease
Immunity - Answer Production or recovery from disease either through vaccine or through
prior illness of disease
(Tortora) Chapter 1 And 2 Test Bank
Test and Correct Answers.
Microbes (Microorganisms) - Answer Minute living things individually too small to be seen
w/ unaided eye. Includes bacteria, protozoa, microscopic algae, archaea, fungi, multicellular
animal parasites
Pathogenic microorganisms - Answer Disease-carrying organisms that are too small to be
seen with the naked eye
Genus - Answer (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species
Specific eithet (species) - Answer Name that follows genus, not capitalized.
Bacteria (singular bacterium) - Answer Simple, single-celled, prokaryotic organisms, have
peptidoglycan cell walls, reproduce through binary fission. Make energy by use of organic and
inorganic chemicals, and/or through photosynthesis
Prokaryotes - Answer A single-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane-
bound organelles
Archaea - Answer Prokaryotic single-celled organisms that lack peptidoglycan in their cells
walls. Live in extreme environments. Divided into three subsets: Methanogens, Extreme
Halophiles, Thermophiles.
Fungi (sing: fungus) - Answer Eukaryotes, Chitin cell walls, Use organic chemicals for energy,
Molds and mushrooms are multicellular,
consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae. Yeasts are
unicellular
Eukaryotes - Answer All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Bounded by a
cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organelles suspended in a semifluid
medium called cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organized into
chromosomes located in the nucleus.
, Algae (sing: alga) - Answer Eukaryotes, Cellulose cell walls. Use photosynthesis for energy.
Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds
Viruses - Answer Acellular, Consists of DNA or RNA core, Core is surrounded by a protein
coat, Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope, Are replicated only when they are in a living host
cell
Helminths - Answer Parasitic flatworms and roundworms
Cell Theory - Answer Theory that all living things are composed of cells
Spontaneous generation - Answer Hypothesis stating that life could arise from nonliving
matter.
Biogenesis - Answer the production of living organisms from other living organisms
Aseptic techniques - Answer Techniques that prevent contamination by unwanted
microorganisms, which are now standard practice in laboratory and medical procedures
Fermentation - Answer Conversion of sugar to alcohol to make wine and beer.
Microorganisms called yeasts convert sugars to alcohol in the absence of air.
Pasteurization - Answer Solution credited to Pasteur for spoilage. A process of heating food
to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of
the food.
Germ theory of disease - Answer Idea that infectious diseases are caused by
microorganisms, or germs.
Koch's postulates - Answer Sequence of experimental steps used for directly relating a
specific microbe to a specific disease
Immunity - Answer Production or recovery from disease either through vaccine or through
prior illness of disease
