BIOL 1406 EXAM II - CH 4, 5, 6 (LECTURE) REVIEW
Why is carbon is the backbone of life? - Answer -Four electrons in its outermost shell
can form four bonds, creating molecules vital to cellular function.
What term is this?: a stored form of energy and are also known as triacylglycerols or
triglycerides. - Answer -fats
What term is this?: groups of atoms that confer specific properties to hydrocarbon
chains or rings that define their overall chemical characteristics and function - Answer -
Functional groups
How can you identify functional groups from the given carbon molecule? - Answer --
Hydroxyl: hydrogen and oxygen
- Carboxyl: central C bound to O and OH
- Amino: nitrogen
- Phosphate: phosphorus
- Methyl: hydrogen and carbon
- Carbonyl: carbon and oxygen
- Sulfhydryl: sulfur
What are the four biomolecules that build life? Name each monomer and examples. -
Answer -- Carbohydrates (monosaccharides; Ex: glucose, fructose, starch, glycogen,
cellulose )
- Lipids (fatty acid and glycerol; Ex: butter, oil, cholesterol, beeswax)
- Proteins (amino acids; Ex: enzymes, some hormones)
- Nucleic Acids (nucleotides; Ex: DNA, RNA)
How do biomolecules come together (polymer) to form macromolecules? - Answer -
Most monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules
known as polymers.
Why isn't a lipid a macromolecule? - Answer -Hydrophobic; not polymers
What term is this?: a group of macromolecules that are a vital energy source for the cell
and provide structural support to plant cells, fungi, and all arthropods - Answer -
Carbohydrates
What is the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis? - Answer --
Dehydration: involve the formation of new bonds, requiring energy - Hydrolysis: break
bonds and release energy
What term is this?: simple sugars - Answer -monosaccharides
Why is carbon is the backbone of life? - Answer -Four electrons in its outermost shell
can form four bonds, creating molecules vital to cellular function.
What term is this?: a stored form of energy and are also known as triacylglycerols or
triglycerides. - Answer -fats
What term is this?: groups of atoms that confer specific properties to hydrocarbon
chains or rings that define their overall chemical characteristics and function - Answer -
Functional groups
How can you identify functional groups from the given carbon molecule? - Answer --
Hydroxyl: hydrogen and oxygen
- Carboxyl: central C bound to O and OH
- Amino: nitrogen
- Phosphate: phosphorus
- Methyl: hydrogen and carbon
- Carbonyl: carbon and oxygen
- Sulfhydryl: sulfur
What are the four biomolecules that build life? Name each monomer and examples. -
Answer -- Carbohydrates (monosaccharides; Ex: glucose, fructose, starch, glycogen,
cellulose )
- Lipids (fatty acid and glycerol; Ex: butter, oil, cholesterol, beeswax)
- Proteins (amino acids; Ex: enzymes, some hormones)
- Nucleic Acids (nucleotides; Ex: DNA, RNA)
How do biomolecules come together (polymer) to form macromolecules? - Answer -
Most monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules
known as polymers.
Why isn't a lipid a macromolecule? - Answer -Hydrophobic; not polymers
What term is this?: a group of macromolecules that are a vital energy source for the cell
and provide structural support to plant cells, fungi, and all arthropods - Answer -
Carbohydrates
What is the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis? - Answer --
Dehydration: involve the formation of new bonds, requiring energy - Hydrolysis: break
bonds and release energy
What term is this?: simple sugars - Answer -monosaccharides
