Clinical Applications of the Urinary System Questions with Verified Answers

Clinical Applications of the Urinary
System Questions with Verified
Answers
Kidney stone overview - ANSWERSAlso known as:
Renal lithiasis or Renal calculi
-Lithiasis: formation or presence of abnormal (mineral) concentrations
-Variable location, composition

What is the classification by location? - ANSWERS-Kidney stone
-Ureteral stone
-Bladder stone

What is the classification by chemical composition? - ANSWERSCalcium containing
(80%)
-Calcium oxalate
Struvite (10-15%)
-UTI
Uric Acid (5%)
-Dehydration, high protein diet, Gout
Cystine
-Cystinuria - rare hereditary disorder

What are risk factors of kidney stones? - ANSWERS-Low fluid intake (dehydration)
-Diet
-Metabolic disease (hyperparathyroidism)
-UTI

What are some signs and symptoms from having kidney stones? - ANSWERS-
Excruciating pain - back flank radiating to groin
-Urinary urgency
-Increased urinary frequency
-Painful urination
-Hematuria
-Nausea and vomiting
-Fever and chills (if infection occurs)

What is the diagnosis for kidney stones? - ANSWERS-History and physical exam
-Urinalysis
-Imaging (x-ray, CT)
-Stone analysis (if present)