CORRECT WELL DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
UPDATE!!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
Microbiology - ANSWER The study of microorganisms. The science which treats the
nature, life and action of microorganisms.
Contamination - ANSWER The state of being soiled or infected by contact with
infectious organisms or other material
Microns - ANSWER A unit of measurement; 1/1000 of a millimeter or 1/25,000 of an
inch; usually designated by the Greek letter "u".
Protoplasm - ANSWER Describes all living materials in a cell. A thick mucous-like
substance that is colorless and translucent that forms the biochemical basis of life within the
cell nucleus.
Components of a cell - ANSWER cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, capsule, flagella,
nucleus
Phagotization - ANSWER The process by which some cells can ingest bacteria or other
foreign particles. (process where white blood cells in the human body destroy bacteria by
engulfing them).
Cytoplasm - ANSWER The living matter of a cell between the cell's membrane and
nucleus.
1
,Nucleus - ANSWER The functional center of a cell that governs activity and heredity.
DNA - ANSWER Deoxyribonucleic Acid. The protein found in the chromosomes of a cell
nucleus which is the basis of heredity..
Cell wall - ANSWER A tough rigid structure that helps maintain the cell's shape.
Cell membrane - ANSWER This layer is located just beneath the cell wall which is semi-
permeable.
Capsule - ANSWER A mucus material that protects the bacteria from the host cells that
try to destroy it.
Flagella - ANSWER Thread-like tails attached to the cell that enable the bacteria to
move through liquids.
Acid-fast bacteria - ANSWER Mycobacterium tuberculosis (which causes tuberculosis)
and Mycobacterium leprae (which cause leprosy).
Spore - ANSWER Microrganisms capable of forming a thick wall around themselves
enabling them to survive in adverse conditions; a resistant form of bacterium.
Chlorophyll - ANSWER A molecule in plants that absorbs sunlight, and converts it to
energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Aerobic bacteria - ANSWER Capable of growing in the presence of free oxygen.
Requiring oxygen.
2
,Anaerobic bacteria - ANSWER Capable of growing in the absence of free oxygen. Not
requiring oxygen.
Psychrophiles (bacteria) - ANSWER Cold-loving bacteria (59-68 degrees F)
Mseophiles (bacteria) - ANSWER Bacteria that grows best at moderate temperatures
(68-113 degrees F)
Thermophiles (bacteria) - ANSWER Bacteria which grow best at a temperatures (122-
158 degrees F).
Vegetative stage - ANSWER State of active growth of microorganisms (as apposed to
the resting or spore stages)
Angstrom - ANSWER A unit that measure visible light.
Binary fission - ANSWER The typical method of bacterial reproduction in which a cell
divides into equal parts.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) - ANSWER Staphylococcus aureus
bacteria that have developed a resistance to Methicillin, the drug of choice.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) - ANSWER Enterococcus bacteria that are
no longer sensitive to Vancomycin.
Virus - ANSWER One of a group of minute infections agents that grow only in living
tissues or cells.
Host - ANSWER The animal, plant, or human that supports the growth of
microorganisms.
3
, Protozoan - ANSWER Any one-celled animal-like microorganism of the sub-kingdom
protozoa.
Amoeboid movement - ANSWER The crawling movement of cells brought about by
the cell successively becoming longer and then retracting.
Fungi - ANSWER A large group of plant-like organisms including molds, mushrooms,
and yeasts without chlorophyll.
Causative agent (chain of infection) - ANSWER The microorganism that causes an
infectious disease.
Reservoir of agent (chain of infection) - ANSWER The place where an infectious agent
(microorganism) can survive.
Carrier - ANSWER An individual who harbors and disseminates specific pathogenic
microorganisms without manifesting any clinical symptoms, and who serves as an
intermediary in the transfer of diseases to a susceptible person.
Portal of exit (chain of infection) - ANSWER The path by which an infectious agent
leaves the reservoir.
Mode of transmission (chain of infection) - ANSWER The method of transfer of an
infectious agent from the reservoir to a susceptible host.
Portal of entry (chain of infection) - ANSWER The path used by an infectious agent to
enter a susceptible host.
Susceptible host (chain of infection) - ANSWER A person or animal that lacks the
ability to resist infection by an infectious agent.
4
UPDATE!!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
Microbiology - ANSWER The study of microorganisms. The science which treats the
nature, life and action of microorganisms.
Contamination - ANSWER The state of being soiled or infected by contact with
infectious organisms or other material
Microns - ANSWER A unit of measurement; 1/1000 of a millimeter or 1/25,000 of an
inch; usually designated by the Greek letter "u".
Protoplasm - ANSWER Describes all living materials in a cell. A thick mucous-like
substance that is colorless and translucent that forms the biochemical basis of life within the
cell nucleus.
Components of a cell - ANSWER cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, capsule, flagella,
nucleus
Phagotization - ANSWER The process by which some cells can ingest bacteria or other
foreign particles. (process where white blood cells in the human body destroy bacteria by
engulfing them).
Cytoplasm - ANSWER The living matter of a cell between the cell's membrane and
nucleus.
1
,Nucleus - ANSWER The functional center of a cell that governs activity and heredity.
DNA - ANSWER Deoxyribonucleic Acid. The protein found in the chromosomes of a cell
nucleus which is the basis of heredity..
Cell wall - ANSWER A tough rigid structure that helps maintain the cell's shape.
Cell membrane - ANSWER This layer is located just beneath the cell wall which is semi-
permeable.
Capsule - ANSWER A mucus material that protects the bacteria from the host cells that
try to destroy it.
Flagella - ANSWER Thread-like tails attached to the cell that enable the bacteria to
move through liquids.
Acid-fast bacteria - ANSWER Mycobacterium tuberculosis (which causes tuberculosis)
and Mycobacterium leprae (which cause leprosy).
Spore - ANSWER Microrganisms capable of forming a thick wall around themselves
enabling them to survive in adverse conditions; a resistant form of bacterium.
Chlorophyll - ANSWER A molecule in plants that absorbs sunlight, and converts it to
energy in a process called photosynthesis.
Aerobic bacteria - ANSWER Capable of growing in the presence of free oxygen.
Requiring oxygen.
2
,Anaerobic bacteria - ANSWER Capable of growing in the absence of free oxygen. Not
requiring oxygen.
Psychrophiles (bacteria) - ANSWER Cold-loving bacteria (59-68 degrees F)
Mseophiles (bacteria) - ANSWER Bacteria that grows best at moderate temperatures
(68-113 degrees F)
Thermophiles (bacteria) - ANSWER Bacteria which grow best at a temperatures (122-
158 degrees F).
Vegetative stage - ANSWER State of active growth of microorganisms (as apposed to
the resting or spore stages)
Angstrom - ANSWER A unit that measure visible light.
Binary fission - ANSWER The typical method of bacterial reproduction in which a cell
divides into equal parts.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) - ANSWER Staphylococcus aureus
bacteria that have developed a resistance to Methicillin, the drug of choice.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) - ANSWER Enterococcus bacteria that are
no longer sensitive to Vancomycin.
Virus - ANSWER One of a group of minute infections agents that grow only in living
tissues or cells.
Host - ANSWER The animal, plant, or human that supports the growth of
microorganisms.
3
, Protozoan - ANSWER Any one-celled animal-like microorganism of the sub-kingdom
protozoa.
Amoeboid movement - ANSWER The crawling movement of cells brought about by
the cell successively becoming longer and then retracting.
Fungi - ANSWER A large group of plant-like organisms including molds, mushrooms,
and yeasts without chlorophyll.
Causative agent (chain of infection) - ANSWER The microorganism that causes an
infectious disease.
Reservoir of agent (chain of infection) - ANSWER The place where an infectious agent
(microorganism) can survive.
Carrier - ANSWER An individual who harbors and disseminates specific pathogenic
microorganisms without manifesting any clinical symptoms, and who serves as an
intermediary in the transfer of diseases to a susceptible person.
Portal of exit (chain of infection) - ANSWER The path by which an infectious agent
leaves the reservoir.
Mode of transmission (chain of infection) - ANSWER The method of transfer of an
infectious agent from the reservoir to a susceptible host.
Portal of entry (chain of infection) - ANSWER The path used by an infectious agent to
enter a susceptible host.
Susceptible host (chain of infection) - ANSWER A person or animal that lacks the
ability to resist infection by an infectious agent.
4
