Kin 467 || QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS!!
What are the key differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? Be able to come up
with a concrete example that demonstrates your understanding of each type. correct answers
Intrinsic motivation → doing something because you want to/ doing it because you enjoy it.
Driven by internal rewards
Engage in behavior that is naturally satisfying
Ex: going to school because you enjoy learning
Extrinsic motivation → doing something because there is another factor, like being paid.
Driven by external rewards
Arises from outside the individual
Ex: getting more education because you'll get paid more
Describe the 3 basic needs included in self-determination theory. correct answers
Competence → able to do something
Autonomy → able to to it on your own
Relatedness → the need to feel close to others
What is meant by autonomy support? correct answers Autonomy → encouragement for
individuals to decide what is important to them, recognition that they have the right to choose
available options, and minimize pressure to choose behavior
client is in control of decision making process, with the counselor offering guidelines when
necessary
According to self-determination theory, what is the role of the environment in behavior
change? correct answers Creating a positive environment is a piece of the collaboration
component
It is important for change to take place
functioning , nurturing environment necessary for psychological needs
Allows clients to make decision that most benefit them
What are the major strengths and limitations of this theory? correct answers Strengths:
Broad theory for human motivation
Recognizes impact of sociocultural environment on behavior
Has a positivist perspective
Limitations:
Assumes individual have inherent evolved tendencies toward growth
Does not directly include many factors that may influence behavior
Broad base of the theory elements can be difficult to operationalize
What is motivational interviewing? How does it embody the basic needs of autonomy,
competence, and relatedness from Self-Determination Theory? correct answers Clinical
technique associated with SDT. Non-confrontational, empathetic style. Promotes client
ownership of behavior change. Supports intrinsic motivation and decision making.
Open-ended questions
Puts choices on the patient rather than the professional
Encourages autonomy by having the client come up with behavior changes on their own
Confidence in their ability to change (competence)
, Repeating what the client says using empathetic tone aids in relatedness
In what key ways does it differ from other approaches to behavior change? correct answers It
is empathetic to the client's individual situation. Offers encouragement, support and
information. Validates experiences and feelings. Makes change the responsibility of the
client.
Does not tell the client how to accomplish a lifestyle change or try to convince them to make
a change
Does not diagnose or prescribe
Should all come from the clients own ideas
In your own words describe the phenomenon of ambivalence and give a behavior change-
related example of ambivalence that demonstrates your understanding? correct answers
Ambivalence → state of mind in which a person has conflicting feelings about something
Someone is unsure if they are ready or want to make a change
Might want to make the change but aren't sure if they are able too
Signs: when someone what a person says and does is different, signs and actions don't match
How can you know about an individual's level of readiness to change? correct answers
Change talk → particular kind of speech to evoke change and reinforce it, client makes
argument for change
Change talk shows they are more likely to be ready to make a change
You can tell someone isn't ready based off ambivalence
Describe the MI Principles (e.g. RULE). correct answers R - resist the righting reflex
U - understand motivation [comes within]
L - listen to your client
E- empower your client
What is meant by "the righting reflex"? correct answers Righting Reflex → natural tendency
to try and actively fix problems, comes from one's desire to help others
Reduces the likelihood of your client to make a change
Describe the 4 foundational skills of MI (e.g. OARS) and be prepared to give an example of
each skill including when and why it would be used? correct answers O - open ended
questions → what questions do you have? How has said change been going?
Should be used in a 2:1 ratio with reflections, 2 reflections and 1 question
Allows empathy to be built and allows client to talk more
A - affirmation → "You are someone who really cares about your health"
Should be used throughout the session after a client shares something about themselves in
regards to behavior change
Helps build the clients self-efficacy
Gives statements of approval
R - reflection → "You are a person who puts the needs of others in front of your own"
Should be used after a client speaks about their experience or gives an idea for the behavior
change
Meant to repeat what the client says in a slightly different way
Used to reflect deeper meaning in what they are trying to say
S - summary → "So lets go over what we talked about.."
Used to collect information and link clients statements
SOLUTIONS!!
What are the key differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? Be able to come up
with a concrete example that demonstrates your understanding of each type. correct answers
Intrinsic motivation → doing something because you want to/ doing it because you enjoy it.
Driven by internal rewards
Engage in behavior that is naturally satisfying
Ex: going to school because you enjoy learning
Extrinsic motivation → doing something because there is another factor, like being paid.
Driven by external rewards
Arises from outside the individual
Ex: getting more education because you'll get paid more
Describe the 3 basic needs included in self-determination theory. correct answers
Competence → able to do something
Autonomy → able to to it on your own
Relatedness → the need to feel close to others
What is meant by autonomy support? correct answers Autonomy → encouragement for
individuals to decide what is important to them, recognition that they have the right to choose
available options, and minimize pressure to choose behavior
client is in control of decision making process, with the counselor offering guidelines when
necessary
According to self-determination theory, what is the role of the environment in behavior
change? correct answers Creating a positive environment is a piece of the collaboration
component
It is important for change to take place
functioning , nurturing environment necessary for psychological needs
Allows clients to make decision that most benefit them
What are the major strengths and limitations of this theory? correct answers Strengths:
Broad theory for human motivation
Recognizes impact of sociocultural environment on behavior
Has a positivist perspective
Limitations:
Assumes individual have inherent evolved tendencies toward growth
Does not directly include many factors that may influence behavior
Broad base of the theory elements can be difficult to operationalize
What is motivational interviewing? How does it embody the basic needs of autonomy,
competence, and relatedness from Self-Determination Theory? correct answers Clinical
technique associated with SDT. Non-confrontational, empathetic style. Promotes client
ownership of behavior change. Supports intrinsic motivation and decision making.
Open-ended questions
Puts choices on the patient rather than the professional
Encourages autonomy by having the client come up with behavior changes on their own
Confidence in their ability to change (competence)
, Repeating what the client says using empathetic tone aids in relatedness
In what key ways does it differ from other approaches to behavior change? correct answers It
is empathetic to the client's individual situation. Offers encouragement, support and
information. Validates experiences and feelings. Makes change the responsibility of the
client.
Does not tell the client how to accomplish a lifestyle change or try to convince them to make
a change
Does not diagnose or prescribe
Should all come from the clients own ideas
In your own words describe the phenomenon of ambivalence and give a behavior change-
related example of ambivalence that demonstrates your understanding? correct answers
Ambivalence → state of mind in which a person has conflicting feelings about something
Someone is unsure if they are ready or want to make a change
Might want to make the change but aren't sure if they are able too
Signs: when someone what a person says and does is different, signs and actions don't match
How can you know about an individual's level of readiness to change? correct answers
Change talk → particular kind of speech to evoke change and reinforce it, client makes
argument for change
Change talk shows they are more likely to be ready to make a change
You can tell someone isn't ready based off ambivalence
Describe the MI Principles (e.g. RULE). correct answers R - resist the righting reflex
U - understand motivation [comes within]
L - listen to your client
E- empower your client
What is meant by "the righting reflex"? correct answers Righting Reflex → natural tendency
to try and actively fix problems, comes from one's desire to help others
Reduces the likelihood of your client to make a change
Describe the 4 foundational skills of MI (e.g. OARS) and be prepared to give an example of
each skill including when and why it would be used? correct answers O - open ended
questions → what questions do you have? How has said change been going?
Should be used in a 2:1 ratio with reflections, 2 reflections and 1 question
Allows empathy to be built and allows client to talk more
A - affirmation → "You are someone who really cares about your health"
Should be used throughout the session after a client shares something about themselves in
regards to behavior change
Helps build the clients self-efficacy
Gives statements of approval
R - reflection → "You are a person who puts the needs of others in front of your own"
Should be used after a client speaks about their experience or gives an idea for the behavior
change
Meant to repeat what the client says in a slightly different way
Used to reflect deeper meaning in what they are trying to say
S - summary → "So lets go over what we talked about.."
Used to collect information and link clients statements
