BIO 137 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
What is anatomy? - Answers Study of structure if body parts and their relationship to one
another
What are the subdivisions of anatomy? - Answers Gross or macroscopic anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Developmental anatomy
Gross anatomy or macroscopic anatomy - Answers study of large visible structures.
-Regional anatomy: Looks at all structures in a particular area of body
-System anatomy looks at just one (cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, etc.)
-Surface anatomy: looks at internal structure as they relate to overlying skin (visible muscle
asses or veins seen on surface)
Microscopic anatomy - Answers deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye
-Cytology: microscopic study of cells
-Histology: microscopic study of tissues
Developmental anatomy - Answers studies anatomical and physiological development
throughout life
-embryology: Study of developments before birth
What is physiology? - Answers Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out
life-sustaining activities
What are the subdivisions of physiology? - Answers Based on organ systems. (Renal physiology
or cardiovascular physiology.)
Explain the principle of complementarity. - Answers Function always reflects structure and what
a structure can do depends on it's specific form
List below the levels of structural organization of the body and describe their relationships -
Answers
Chemical level - Answers atoms, molecules, and organelles
Cellular level: - Answers single cell
Tissue level - Answers groups of similar cells
,Organ level - Answers contains two or more types of tissues
Organ system level - Answers contains two or more types of tissues
Organismal level - Answers all organ systems combined to make whole organism
How are these levels related - Answers -Maintain boundaries. (Separation between internal and
external environments ex: Plasma membranes separate cells.)
-Movement: movement of body parts of muscle or skeleton. Contractility refers to movement at
the cellular level)
List below the 11 organ systems and identify the components and function of each - Answers
List and describe below the functional characteristics necessary to maintain life in humans. -
Answers
What is the significance of cellular interdependence in humans? - Answers
List and describe below the survival needs of the body. - Answers
Describe positive and negative feedback systems for maintaining homeostasis. - Answers
Directional and body positions - Answers
Planes of the body - Answers transverse, sagittal, and frontal
Maintaining boundaries - Answers Separate internal and external environments (plasma
membranes separates cells or skin operates organism from environment)
Movement - Answers Muscular system allows movement. (body parts via skeletal muscles or
cardiac muscle)
-Contractility refers to movement at the cellular movement
Responsiveness - Answers -ability to sense and respond to stimuli
-control of breathing rate which must change in response to different activities
Digestion - Answers Digesting food in body
Metabolism - Answers All chemical reactions that occur in body cells
Excretion - Answers Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
Reproduction - Answers Division of cells or production of offspring
Growth - Answers Increase in size of a body part or organism
, CHAPTER 2 - Answers
What does it mean to be multicellular and why is it necessary in humans? - Answers To be able
to function individual cells must be kept alive. (Organ systems are designed to service the cells.
All cells depend on organ systems to meet their survival needs.)
Nutrients - Answers Chemicals for energy and cell building
-Carbohydrates: major source of energy
-Proteins: needed for cell building and cell chemistry
-Fats: long-term energy storage
-Minerals and vitamins: involved in chemical reactions as well as for structural purposes.
Oxygen - Answers Essential for release of energy from foods
Water - Answers Most abundant chemical in body; provides the watery environment needed for
chemical reactions
Normal body temp - Answers If body temp falls below or goes above 37 degrees celsius rates of
chemical reactions are affected
Appropriate atmospheric pressure - Answers Specific pressure of air is needed for adequate
breathing and gas exchange in lungs
What is homeostasis? - Answers Homeostasis is the maintenance of relatively stable internal
conditions despite continuous changes in environment.
What is the significance of homeostasis? - Answers It is always adjusting our body
Positive feedback - Answers -Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
-May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect as feedback
(ex: enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin or platelet plug formation and blood clotting)
Negative feedback - Answers Most used feedback mechanism in body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus. Changes in opposite direction of initial change
(Ex: Receptors sense increased blood glucose--->secretes more insulin----> insulin cause body
cells to absorb more glucose which decreases blood glucose levels)
What are the dangers of homeostatic imbalance? - Answers Increase risk of disease, control
systems become less efficient
Describe relationship between homeostatic imbalance and disease. - Answers If negative
What is anatomy? - Answers Study of structure if body parts and their relationship to one
another
What are the subdivisions of anatomy? - Answers Gross or macroscopic anatomy
Microscopic anatomy
Developmental anatomy
Gross anatomy or macroscopic anatomy - Answers study of large visible structures.
-Regional anatomy: Looks at all structures in a particular area of body
-System anatomy looks at just one (cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, etc.)
-Surface anatomy: looks at internal structure as they relate to overlying skin (visible muscle
asses or veins seen on surface)
Microscopic anatomy - Answers deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye
-Cytology: microscopic study of cells
-Histology: microscopic study of tissues
Developmental anatomy - Answers studies anatomical and physiological development
throughout life
-embryology: Study of developments before birth
What is physiology? - Answers Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out
life-sustaining activities
What are the subdivisions of physiology? - Answers Based on organ systems. (Renal physiology
or cardiovascular physiology.)
Explain the principle of complementarity. - Answers Function always reflects structure and what
a structure can do depends on it's specific form
List below the levels of structural organization of the body and describe their relationships -
Answers
Chemical level - Answers atoms, molecules, and organelles
Cellular level: - Answers single cell
Tissue level - Answers groups of similar cells
,Organ level - Answers contains two or more types of tissues
Organ system level - Answers contains two or more types of tissues
Organismal level - Answers all organ systems combined to make whole organism
How are these levels related - Answers -Maintain boundaries. (Separation between internal and
external environments ex: Plasma membranes separate cells.)
-Movement: movement of body parts of muscle or skeleton. Contractility refers to movement at
the cellular level)
List below the 11 organ systems and identify the components and function of each - Answers
List and describe below the functional characteristics necessary to maintain life in humans. -
Answers
What is the significance of cellular interdependence in humans? - Answers
List and describe below the survival needs of the body. - Answers
Describe positive and negative feedback systems for maintaining homeostasis. - Answers
Directional and body positions - Answers
Planes of the body - Answers transverse, sagittal, and frontal
Maintaining boundaries - Answers Separate internal and external environments (plasma
membranes separates cells or skin operates organism from environment)
Movement - Answers Muscular system allows movement. (body parts via skeletal muscles or
cardiac muscle)
-Contractility refers to movement at the cellular movement
Responsiveness - Answers -ability to sense and respond to stimuli
-control of breathing rate which must change in response to different activities
Digestion - Answers Digesting food in body
Metabolism - Answers All chemical reactions that occur in body cells
Excretion - Answers Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
Reproduction - Answers Division of cells or production of offspring
Growth - Answers Increase in size of a body part or organism
, CHAPTER 2 - Answers
What does it mean to be multicellular and why is it necessary in humans? - Answers To be able
to function individual cells must be kept alive. (Organ systems are designed to service the cells.
All cells depend on organ systems to meet their survival needs.)
Nutrients - Answers Chemicals for energy and cell building
-Carbohydrates: major source of energy
-Proteins: needed for cell building and cell chemistry
-Fats: long-term energy storage
-Minerals and vitamins: involved in chemical reactions as well as for structural purposes.
Oxygen - Answers Essential for release of energy from foods
Water - Answers Most abundant chemical in body; provides the watery environment needed for
chemical reactions
Normal body temp - Answers If body temp falls below or goes above 37 degrees celsius rates of
chemical reactions are affected
Appropriate atmospheric pressure - Answers Specific pressure of air is needed for adequate
breathing and gas exchange in lungs
What is homeostasis? - Answers Homeostasis is the maintenance of relatively stable internal
conditions despite continuous changes in environment.
What is the significance of homeostasis? - Answers It is always adjusting our body
Positive feedback - Answers -Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
-May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect as feedback
(ex: enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin or platelet plug formation and blood clotting)
Negative feedback - Answers Most used feedback mechanism in body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus. Changes in opposite direction of initial change
(Ex: Receptors sense increased blood glucose--->secretes more insulin----> insulin cause body
cells to absorb more glucose which decreases blood glucose levels)
What are the dangers of homeostatic imbalance? - Answers Increase risk of disease, control
systems become less efficient
Describe relationship between homeostatic imbalance and disease. - Answers If negative
