UPDATE!!!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
Neoadjuvant therapy does not increase survival when compared to adjuvant therapy. It only
changes the timing of treatment and can change surgical options if the tumour is shrunk
enough. If this occurs, the patient may only require a lumpectomy plus radiation therapy
instead of needing a mastectomy - ANSWER Main benefit of neoadjuvant
chemotherapy (breast cancer patient)
A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidisciplinary evaluation to assess life
expectancy and risk of morbidity and mortality in the older patient. This assessment tool
would evaluate and include the following areas: functional status, socioeconomic issues,
psychosocial distress, comorbidities, cognitive function, nutritional status, polypharmacy,
and a medication review (NCCN Older Adult Oncology Guidelines, version 1.2015). -
ANSWER Due to Mrs. Turner's age and comorbidities, her oncologist performs a
comprehensive geriatric assessment. You know that this assessment covers all but which of
the following:
65 - ANSWER The NCCN Older Adult Oncology Guidelines (version 1.2015) provides
information on what is included in a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Currently, more
than 60% of cancers in the United States occur in people age ______and older and as the
oncology world ages, nearly half (46%) of cancer survivors are 70 years of age or older
Two of the agents (docetaxel and carboplatin) that Mrs. Turner will receive are categorized
as irritants. Docetaxel can cause a significant reaction if it extravasates. It can lead to edema,
erythema, occasional pain and blister formation (ONS Chemo/Bio guidelines, 2014). That is
the most likely reason that Mrs. Turner was given a port for her treatments. Some patients
will receive their treatments through a peripheral IV without incident. Just because they are
intravenous agents does not mean that a port is required and needing a port has nothing to
1
,do with her being older in age. Since none of these agents are vesicants, they likely could
have been given safely via peripheral route but having a port placed is OK as well. -
ANSWER What is your best explanation for why Mrs. Turner was given a port to
receive her chemotherapy?
Irrirtants - ANSWER _____________can cause inflammation, pain, and burning but
rarely cause tissue necrosis comparable to a vesicant (unless a large amount or a very high
concentration of the irritant is extravasated).
Vesicants - ANSWER _____________can cause blistering and significant pain and
tissue damage and destruction, leading to tissue death.
Non-DNA-binding solutions remain in the local area of the extravasation, which improves the
possibility of drug deactivation.
DNA-binding agents attach to DNA nucleic acids, causing the antagonist to be ingested
cellularly, leading to progressive tissue destruction - ANSWER A further classification
of an antineoplastic agent's potential to cause damage is whether its mechanism of action
includes DNA binding.
Bendamustinea
Dactinomycin
Daunorubicin
Doxorubicin
Epirubicin
Idarubicin
Mechlorethamine
Mitomycin - ANSWER DNA Binding Irritants
Amsacrine
Paclitaxel
Vinblastine
2
, Vincristine
Vindesine
Vinorelbine - ANSWER DNA Nonbinding vessicants
Sodium thiosulfate
Inject 2 ml of sodium thiosulfate for each milligram of
mechlorethamine extravasated.
Inject subcutaneously into extravasation site using a 25
gauge or smaller needle (change needle with each injection).
Monitor extravasation site according to the institution's
policies and procedures. - ANSWER Extravasciation Alkylating / Mechlorethamine tx
Apply warm compresses.
Dexamethasone
8 mg twice daily
for 14 days - ANSWER Extravasciation Alkylating: Oxaliplatin
Totect
Apply ice pack (remove 15
minutes prior to Totect
treatment).
Infusion should be initiated within six hours of extravasation.
Infused over 1-2 hours for three days in an area other
than the extravasation site
3
Neoadjuvant therapy does not increase survival when compared to adjuvant therapy. It only
changes the timing of treatment and can change surgical options if the tumour is shrunk
enough. If this occurs, the patient may only require a lumpectomy plus radiation therapy
instead of needing a mastectomy - ANSWER Main benefit of neoadjuvant
chemotherapy (breast cancer patient)
A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidisciplinary evaluation to assess life
expectancy and risk of morbidity and mortality in the older patient. This assessment tool
would evaluate and include the following areas: functional status, socioeconomic issues,
psychosocial distress, comorbidities, cognitive function, nutritional status, polypharmacy,
and a medication review (NCCN Older Adult Oncology Guidelines, version 1.2015). -
ANSWER Due to Mrs. Turner's age and comorbidities, her oncologist performs a
comprehensive geriatric assessment. You know that this assessment covers all but which of
the following:
65 - ANSWER The NCCN Older Adult Oncology Guidelines (version 1.2015) provides
information on what is included in a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Currently, more
than 60% of cancers in the United States occur in people age ______and older and as the
oncology world ages, nearly half (46%) of cancer survivors are 70 years of age or older
Two of the agents (docetaxel and carboplatin) that Mrs. Turner will receive are categorized
as irritants. Docetaxel can cause a significant reaction if it extravasates. It can lead to edema,
erythema, occasional pain and blister formation (ONS Chemo/Bio guidelines, 2014). That is
the most likely reason that Mrs. Turner was given a port for her treatments. Some patients
will receive their treatments through a peripheral IV without incident. Just because they are
intravenous agents does not mean that a port is required and needing a port has nothing to
1
,do with her being older in age. Since none of these agents are vesicants, they likely could
have been given safely via peripheral route but having a port placed is OK as well. -
ANSWER What is your best explanation for why Mrs. Turner was given a port to
receive her chemotherapy?
Irrirtants - ANSWER _____________can cause inflammation, pain, and burning but
rarely cause tissue necrosis comparable to a vesicant (unless a large amount or a very high
concentration of the irritant is extravasated).
Vesicants - ANSWER _____________can cause blistering and significant pain and
tissue damage and destruction, leading to tissue death.
Non-DNA-binding solutions remain in the local area of the extravasation, which improves the
possibility of drug deactivation.
DNA-binding agents attach to DNA nucleic acids, causing the antagonist to be ingested
cellularly, leading to progressive tissue destruction - ANSWER A further classification
of an antineoplastic agent's potential to cause damage is whether its mechanism of action
includes DNA binding.
Bendamustinea
Dactinomycin
Daunorubicin
Doxorubicin
Epirubicin
Idarubicin
Mechlorethamine
Mitomycin - ANSWER DNA Binding Irritants
Amsacrine
Paclitaxel
Vinblastine
2
, Vincristine
Vindesine
Vinorelbine - ANSWER DNA Nonbinding vessicants
Sodium thiosulfate
Inject 2 ml of sodium thiosulfate for each milligram of
mechlorethamine extravasated.
Inject subcutaneously into extravasation site using a 25
gauge or smaller needle (change needle with each injection).
Monitor extravasation site according to the institution's
policies and procedures. - ANSWER Extravasciation Alkylating / Mechlorethamine tx
Apply warm compresses.
Dexamethasone
8 mg twice daily
for 14 days - ANSWER Extravasciation Alkylating: Oxaliplatin
Totect
Apply ice pack (remove 15
minutes prior to Totect
treatment).
Infusion should be initiated within six hours of extravasation.
Infused over 1-2 hours for three days in an area other
than the extravasation site
3
