NUR 651 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Save
Clinical judgement in prescribing includes: -ANSFactoring in the cost to the patient of
the medication prescribed
The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be the: -ANSlungs
The NP chooses to give cephalexin every 8 hours based on knowledge of the drugs: -
ANSbiological half-life
Phenytoin requires that a trough level be drawn. Peak and trough levels are done:
1. When the drug has a wide therapeutic range
2. When the drug will be administered for a short time only
3. When there is a high correlation between the dose and saturation of receptor sites
4. To determine if a drug is in the therapeutic range -ANSTo determine if the drug is in
the therapeutic range
Drugs that use CYP 3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may:
1. Induce the metabolism of another drug
2. Inhibit the metabolism of another drug
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2 -ANSBoth 1 & 2: induce OR inhibit metabolism of another drug
The prudent NP would prescribe liquid ibuprofen for a 6-year-old because: -ANSThe 6-
year-old may not be able to swallow pills
In deciding which drug to prescribe of all multiple drugs used to treat a condition, the NP
chooses drug A because: -ANSIt will be taken twice daily at home
Your patient asks the difference in drug effects between men and women. What should
the NP know about the differences between pharmacokinetics of men and women? -
ANSPercentage of fat differs between genders
,Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect: -ANSAre rapidly metabolized by the liver
and may have little if any desired action
Azithromycin dosing requires the first days dosage be twice those of the other 4 days of
the prescription. This is considered a loading dose. Loading doses: -ANSRapidly
achieve drug levels in the theraputic range
The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a
therapeutic effect is the: -ANSonset of action
Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property? -ANSDescribes the
extent of effect (response) produced by a given drug concentration (dose)
Shows the relationship between the dosage/concentration and the effect of the drug
concentration
Therapeutic window (range) -ANSThe range of plasma drug concentration with high
probability of therapeutic response
Provides a fixed comparison for drug safety
What is a narrow therapeutic window? -ANSA drug that has little difference between
therapeutic and toxic doses
Treatment goals in prescribing should be: -ANSPatient centered
storage reservoirs: -ANSFat and tissue that the drug has been distributed to
Passive monitoring: -ANSpatient is educated on expected outcome and instructed to
contact provider (expected side effects)
A potentially life-threatening adverse response to ACE inhibitors is angioedema. Which
statement is true about this adverse response? -ANSSwelling of the tongue and
hoarseness are the most common sympotms.
ACE inhibitors are the drug of choice in treating hypertension in diabetic patients
because: -ANSThey improve insulin sensitivity
Improve renal hemodynamics
Reduce the production of angiotensin II
Ray has been diagnosed with hypertension and an ACE inhibitor is determined to be
needed. Prior to prescribing this drug, the NP should assess for:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Impotence
C. Decreased renal function
D. Inability to concentrate -ANSDecreased renal function
, Criteria for choosing the most effective medication: -ANSConsult nationally recognized
guidelines for disease management
Clinical judgement in prescribing: -ANSFactoring in the cost to the patient of the
medication prescribed
What is the mechanism of action? -ANSwhat the drug does to the body
What is an adverse drug reaction? -ANSany noxious, unintended, and undesired effect
that occurs at normal drug doses- which causes the patient to stop taking the drug
Therapeutic drug classification is most useful to who? -ANSThe practitioner
If not chosen as the first drug in hypertension treatment, which drug class should be
added as a second step because it will enhance the effects of most other agents?
1. ACE inhibitors
2. Beta blockers
3. Calcium channel blockers
4. Diuretics -ANSDiuretics
Because of its action on various body systems, the patient taking a thiazide or loop
diuretic may also need to receive the following supplement:
1. Potassium
2. Calcium
3. Magnesium
4. Phosphates -ANSPotassium
What education points concerning fluid intake must be covered with diuretic
prescriptions? -ANSFluid intake should remain near normal for optimal performance
The choice of diuretic to use in treating hypertension is based on: -ANSLevel of kidney
function with a thiazide diuretic being used for an estimated glomerular filtration rate
higher than the mid-40 mL/min range
Because primary hypertension has no identifiable cause, treatment is based on
interfering with the physiological mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. Thiazide
diuretics treat hypertension because they:
1. Increase renin secretion
2. Decrease the production of aldosterone
3. Deplete body sodium and reduce fluid volume
4. Decrease blood viscosity -ANSDeplete body sodium and reduce fluid volume
All patients with hypertension benefit from diuretics but those who benefit most are: -
ANSAfrican Americans
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Save
Clinical judgement in prescribing includes: -ANSFactoring in the cost to the patient of
the medication prescribed
The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be the: -ANSlungs
The NP chooses to give cephalexin every 8 hours based on knowledge of the drugs: -
ANSbiological half-life
Phenytoin requires that a trough level be drawn. Peak and trough levels are done:
1. When the drug has a wide therapeutic range
2. When the drug will be administered for a short time only
3. When there is a high correlation between the dose and saturation of receptor sites
4. To determine if a drug is in the therapeutic range -ANSTo determine if the drug is in
the therapeutic range
Drugs that use CYP 3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may:
1. Induce the metabolism of another drug
2. Inhibit the metabolism of another drug
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2 -ANSBoth 1 & 2: induce OR inhibit metabolism of another drug
The prudent NP would prescribe liquid ibuprofen for a 6-year-old because: -ANSThe 6-
year-old may not be able to swallow pills
In deciding which drug to prescribe of all multiple drugs used to treat a condition, the NP
chooses drug A because: -ANSIt will be taken twice daily at home
Your patient asks the difference in drug effects between men and women. What should
the NP know about the differences between pharmacokinetics of men and women? -
ANSPercentage of fat differs between genders
,Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect: -ANSAre rapidly metabolized by the liver
and may have little if any desired action
Azithromycin dosing requires the first days dosage be twice those of the other 4 days of
the prescription. This is considered a loading dose. Loading doses: -ANSRapidly
achieve drug levels in the theraputic range
The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a
therapeutic effect is the: -ANSonset of action
Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property? -ANSDescribes the
extent of effect (response) produced by a given drug concentration (dose)
Shows the relationship between the dosage/concentration and the effect of the drug
concentration
Therapeutic window (range) -ANSThe range of plasma drug concentration with high
probability of therapeutic response
Provides a fixed comparison for drug safety
What is a narrow therapeutic window? -ANSA drug that has little difference between
therapeutic and toxic doses
Treatment goals in prescribing should be: -ANSPatient centered
storage reservoirs: -ANSFat and tissue that the drug has been distributed to
Passive monitoring: -ANSpatient is educated on expected outcome and instructed to
contact provider (expected side effects)
A potentially life-threatening adverse response to ACE inhibitors is angioedema. Which
statement is true about this adverse response? -ANSSwelling of the tongue and
hoarseness are the most common sympotms.
ACE inhibitors are the drug of choice in treating hypertension in diabetic patients
because: -ANSThey improve insulin sensitivity
Improve renal hemodynamics
Reduce the production of angiotensin II
Ray has been diagnosed with hypertension and an ACE inhibitor is determined to be
needed. Prior to prescribing this drug, the NP should assess for:
A. Hypokalemia
B. Impotence
C. Decreased renal function
D. Inability to concentrate -ANSDecreased renal function
, Criteria for choosing the most effective medication: -ANSConsult nationally recognized
guidelines for disease management
Clinical judgement in prescribing: -ANSFactoring in the cost to the patient of the
medication prescribed
What is the mechanism of action? -ANSwhat the drug does to the body
What is an adverse drug reaction? -ANSany noxious, unintended, and undesired effect
that occurs at normal drug doses- which causes the patient to stop taking the drug
Therapeutic drug classification is most useful to who? -ANSThe practitioner
If not chosen as the first drug in hypertension treatment, which drug class should be
added as a second step because it will enhance the effects of most other agents?
1. ACE inhibitors
2. Beta blockers
3. Calcium channel blockers
4. Diuretics -ANSDiuretics
Because of its action on various body systems, the patient taking a thiazide or loop
diuretic may also need to receive the following supplement:
1. Potassium
2. Calcium
3. Magnesium
4. Phosphates -ANSPotassium
What education points concerning fluid intake must be covered with diuretic
prescriptions? -ANSFluid intake should remain near normal for optimal performance
The choice of diuretic to use in treating hypertension is based on: -ANSLevel of kidney
function with a thiazide diuretic being used for an estimated glomerular filtration rate
higher than the mid-40 mL/min range
Because primary hypertension has no identifiable cause, treatment is based on
interfering with the physiological mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. Thiazide
diuretics treat hypertension because they:
1. Increase renin secretion
2. Decrease the production of aldosterone
3. Deplete body sodium and reduce fluid volume
4. Decrease blood viscosity -ANSDeplete body sodium and reduce fluid volume
All patients with hypertension benefit from diuretics but those who benefit most are: -
ANSAfrican Americans
