IPHY 4580 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Indicators of sleep - Answer -- Senses are decreased
- Eyes are closed
- HR and BR slow
- Posture
- Brain waves
- Immobility
Ideas about sleep: Ancient times - Answer -Thought the soul left the body during sleep
and that the brain turned off.
Sleep research in the 1800s - Answer -- instrumentation development: measures
objectively
- 1st systematic studies on sleep deprivation
- Total sleep deprivation leads to death in non-humans (puppies)
- Performance impairments
Sleep research in the 1950s - Answer -- discovery of REM sleep
- discover relationship between dreaming and REM
Sleep Research in the 1960s - Answer -- bunker experiments, circadian rhythm drifts
- stays awake for 11 days for science fair project
- Discovery of sleep onset REM period in patients with narcolepsy
- Intro to benzodiazepines: hypnotic efficacy
- Discovery of sleep apnea
Sleep research in the 1970s - Answer -Dement establishes first sleep medicine center
at Stanford University
- develop MSLT (multiple sleep latency test)
Sleep Research in the 1980s - Answer -- first use of CPAP (constant positive air
pressure) to treat OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
- explosion of sleep and circadian research
Sleep research in the 2000s - Answer -- importance of sleep for health and sleep
disturbance for disease
Sleep research in the 2010s - Answer -- The first circadian medicine center
, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
- molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm
Define Polysomnogrpahy - Answer -- EEG (brain wave)
- EOG (eye movements)
- EMG (measure muscle movement)
- ECG (heart activity)
- respiration (effort, flow, O2 levels)
Describe EEG while someone is awake - Answer -*Awake Eyes Open*: Alert active
mental concentration
-Beta (highest frequency, lowest amplitude)
15-25 or 30 hz
Describe EEG for drowsiness - Answer -*Slow eye rolls*
- Alpha (bigger amplitude)
8-12 hz
EEG for stage 1 sleep - Answer -lightest stage of sleep
- Theta (med amplitude, low frequency)
4-5 hz
EEG for stage 2 sleep - Answer -spend 50% of the night in this stage
- Theta
- Spindles
- K complex
Sleep spindles - Answer -- stage 2 of sleep
- 12-14 hz
- initiated in the thalamus (SRC)
- inhibitory wave form
- only time when info is not sent to the cortex
K complexes - Answer -- stage 2
- negative deflection, positive, back to baseline
- lasts about 1/2 s (maybe longer)
- associated with info processing
- Most spontaneous awakenings happen during this wave
EEG for stage 3/4 (DEEP) - Answer -- Delta (slow frequency, high amplitude)
- .5-2.5 hz
- occurs in 1st half of night
- brain is utilizing the least amount of energy
- Release growth hormone
- no eye movements
Indicators of sleep - Answer -- Senses are decreased
- Eyes are closed
- HR and BR slow
- Posture
- Brain waves
- Immobility
Ideas about sleep: Ancient times - Answer -Thought the soul left the body during sleep
and that the brain turned off.
Sleep research in the 1800s - Answer -- instrumentation development: measures
objectively
- 1st systematic studies on sleep deprivation
- Total sleep deprivation leads to death in non-humans (puppies)
- Performance impairments
Sleep research in the 1950s - Answer -- discovery of REM sleep
- discover relationship between dreaming and REM
Sleep Research in the 1960s - Answer -- bunker experiments, circadian rhythm drifts
- stays awake for 11 days for science fair project
- Discovery of sleep onset REM period in patients with narcolepsy
- Intro to benzodiazepines: hypnotic efficacy
- Discovery of sleep apnea
Sleep research in the 1970s - Answer -Dement establishes first sleep medicine center
at Stanford University
- develop MSLT (multiple sleep latency test)
Sleep Research in the 1980s - Answer -- first use of CPAP (constant positive air
pressure) to treat OSA (obstructive sleep apnea)
- explosion of sleep and circadian research
Sleep research in the 2000s - Answer -- importance of sleep for health and sleep
disturbance for disease
Sleep research in the 2010s - Answer -- The first circadian medicine center
, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
- molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm
Define Polysomnogrpahy - Answer -- EEG (brain wave)
- EOG (eye movements)
- EMG (measure muscle movement)
- ECG (heart activity)
- respiration (effort, flow, O2 levels)
Describe EEG while someone is awake - Answer -*Awake Eyes Open*: Alert active
mental concentration
-Beta (highest frequency, lowest amplitude)
15-25 or 30 hz
Describe EEG for drowsiness - Answer -*Slow eye rolls*
- Alpha (bigger amplitude)
8-12 hz
EEG for stage 1 sleep - Answer -lightest stage of sleep
- Theta (med amplitude, low frequency)
4-5 hz
EEG for stage 2 sleep - Answer -spend 50% of the night in this stage
- Theta
- Spindles
- K complex
Sleep spindles - Answer -- stage 2 of sleep
- 12-14 hz
- initiated in the thalamus (SRC)
- inhibitory wave form
- only time when info is not sent to the cortex
K complexes - Answer -- stage 2
- negative deflection, positive, back to baseline
- lasts about 1/2 s (maybe longer)
- associated with info processing
- Most spontaneous awakenings happen during this wave
EEG for stage 3/4 (DEEP) - Answer -- Delta (slow frequency, high amplitude)
- .5-2.5 hz
- occurs in 1st half of night
- brain is utilizing the least amount of energy
- Release growth hormone
- no eye movements
