CHEMISTRY
Molar mass
- The mass in grams of one mole of that substance
Atomic mass
- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass number
- The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Isotope
- Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Mole
- The amount of substance which contains as many elementary particles as there are in
12g of the carbon - 12 isotope
Molar volume
- The volume occupied by 1 mole of any gas at standard temperature and pressure
Solution
- Homogenous mixture of solute and solvent
Aqueous solution
- If the solvent used is water, then the solution is known as an aqueous solution
Gaseous solution
- Formed when gases occupy the entire volume of the container
Solute
- The substance that is dissolved in the solution
Solvent
- The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution
Concentration
- The amount of solute per unit volume of solution
Yield
- A measure of the extent of a reaction, generally measured by comparing the amount of
product against the amount of product that is possible
- %
, Intramolecular bond
- A bond which occurs between atoms within molecules
Valence electrons
- The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
Valency
- The number of electrons gained, lost or shared to complete the outermost energy level
Covalent bond
- A sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two non-metal atoms
Non-polar covalent (pure covalent)
- An equal sharing of electrons
Bonding pair
- Pair of electrons involved in the covalent bond
Lone pair
- Electron pairs in the outermost energy level of an atom that don’t take part in the
chemical bonding process
Polar covalent
- Unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming (as a result of electronegativity
difference)
Dative covalent bond
- When a lone pair of electrons from one atom is shared with another atom which has an
empty orbital in its outermost energy level (ion)
Electronegativity
- A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
Ionic bond
- A transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction
-
Metallic bonding
- Between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalized electrons
Intermolecular force
- A weak force of attraction between molecules, ions, or atoms of noble gases
- Van der Waals forces
Molar mass
- The mass in grams of one mole of that substance
Atomic mass
- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass number
- The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Isotope
- Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Mole
- The amount of substance which contains as many elementary particles as there are in
12g of the carbon - 12 isotope
Molar volume
- The volume occupied by 1 mole of any gas at standard temperature and pressure
Solution
- Homogenous mixture of solute and solvent
Aqueous solution
- If the solvent used is water, then the solution is known as an aqueous solution
Gaseous solution
- Formed when gases occupy the entire volume of the container
Solute
- The substance that is dissolved in the solution
Solvent
- The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution
Concentration
- The amount of solute per unit volume of solution
Yield
- A measure of the extent of a reaction, generally measured by comparing the amount of
product against the amount of product that is possible
- %
, Intramolecular bond
- A bond which occurs between atoms within molecules
Valence electrons
- The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
Valency
- The number of electrons gained, lost or shared to complete the outermost energy level
Covalent bond
- A sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two non-metal atoms
Non-polar covalent (pure covalent)
- An equal sharing of electrons
Bonding pair
- Pair of electrons involved in the covalent bond
Lone pair
- Electron pairs in the outermost energy level of an atom that don’t take part in the
chemical bonding process
Polar covalent
- Unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming (as a result of electronegativity
difference)
Dative covalent bond
- When a lone pair of electrons from one atom is shared with another atom which has an
empty orbital in its outermost energy level (ion)
Electronegativity
- A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
Ionic bond
- A transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction
-
Metallic bonding
- Between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalized electrons
Intermolecular force
- A weak force of attraction between molecules, ions, or atoms of noble gases
- Van der Waals forces
